Erratum: Timing of cochlear feedback: spatial and temporal representation of a tone across the basilar membrane

Nilsen, K. E.; Russell, Ian J.

doi:10.1038/12230

Cited by 44 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Sound-frequency electrical stimulation in an excised gerbil cochlea produces OHC contractions and expansions that squeeze and extend the cochlear partition producing sound-frequency fluid motion along the tunnel of Corti, i.e., OHCs act as fluid pumps (Karavitaki and Mountain, 2003). OHC squeezing and extension of the organ of Corti has also been reported in guinea pigs 2 (Mammano and Ashmore, 1993) and may be the origin of the phase differences between BM motion in the arcuate and pectinate zones (Xue et al, 1993;Nilsen and Russell, 1999;Nuttall et al, 1999;Cooper 1999). With this hypothesis, pressure differences across the cochlear partition produce the classic traveling wave that is a transverse motion of the basilar membrane, and pressure differences inside to outside the organ of Corti produce the ANIP motion which, presumably, is an encircling wave in which the walls of the organ of Corti expand and contract.…”

Section: What Is the Origin Of The Anip Motion?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Medial-olivocochlear-efferent inhibition of the first peak of auditory-nerve responses: Evidence for a new motion within the cochlea

Guinan

Lin

Cheng

2005

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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Despite the insights obtained from click responses, the effects of medial-olivocochlear (MOC) efferents on click responses from single-auditory-nerve (AN) fibers have not been reported. We recorded responses of cat single AN fibers to randomized click level series with and without electrical stimulation of MOC efferents. MOC stimulation inhibited (1) the whole response at low sound levels, (2) the decaying part of the response at all sound levels, and (3) the first peak of the response at moderate to high sound levels. The first two effects were expected from previous reports using tones and are consistent with a MOC-induced reduction of cochlear amplification. The inhibition of the AN first peak, which was strongest in the apex and middle of the cochlea, was unexpected because the first peak of the classic basilar-membrane (BM) traveling wave receives little or no amplification. In the cochlear base, the click data were ambiguous, but tone data showed particularly short group delays in the tail-frequency region that is strongly inhibited by MOC efferents. Overall, the data support the hypothesis that there is a motion that bends inner-hair-cell stereocilia and can be inhibited by MOC efferents, a motion that is present through most, or all, of the cochlea and for which there is no counterpart in the classic BM traveling wave.

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Section: What Is the Origin Of The Anip Motion?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Medial-olivocochlear-efferent inhibition of the first peak of auditory-nerve responses: Evidence for a new motion within the cochlea

Guinan

Lin

Cheng

2005

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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“…Another characteristic supporting pressure response of the cochlea are those observations which find that opening the cochlea to examine its behaviour invariably causes a loss of at least 5-10 dB (e.g., Olson, 1998;Nilsen and Russell, 1999). This result has normally been attributed to extreme sensitivity of the cochlea to surgical trauma, but could also be interpreted as loss of pressure due to the drilling of a hole in this pressure vessel.…”

Section: Uwp 36mentioning

confidence: 93%

“…In its favour, the model gives a detailed account of the physical mechanism involved in the generation of SOAEs and at the same time provides a comprehensive description of basic cochlear mechanics. Two of the theory's strengths are its ability to explain cochlear tuning curves, as well as the rapid phase variations across the basilar membrane seen by Nilsen and Russell (1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Helmholtz's Piano Strings: Reverberation of Ripples on the Tectorial Membrane

Bell¹

2001

SSRN Journal

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Abstract:In 1857 Helmholtz proposed that the ear contained an array of sympathetic resonators, like piano strings, which served to give the ear its fine frequency discrimination. Since the discovery that most healthy human ears emit faint, pure tones (spontaneous otoacoustic emissions), it has been possible to view these narrowband signals as the continuous ringing of the resonant elements. But what are the elements? It is noteworthy that motile outer hair cells lie in a precise crystal-like array with their sensitive stereocilia in contact with the tectorial membrane, a gelatinous structure with an observed surface tension. This paper therefore speculates that ripples (surface tension waves) on the lower surface of the tectorial membrane propagate to and fro between neighbouring cells. This mechanism defines a surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonator, and relies on the outer hair cells directly sensing intracochlear fluid pressure through their cell bodies; in this way the theory revisits the resonance theory of hearing. The SAW resonator acts as a regenerative receiver of acoustic energy, a topology which was invoked in 1948 by Gold, who later drew the analogy to an 'underwater piano' to describe the cochlea's problem of how it could vibrate with high Q while immersed in fluid. The proposal also gives a physical description of the cochlear amplifier postulated by Davis in 1983. An active array of resonating cavities driven by outer hair cells can explain spontaneous emissions, the shape of the basilar membrane tuning curve, and evoked emissions, among others, and could relate strongly to music.At levels above which the cochlear amplifier saturates, ripples on the tectorial membrane can still be identified, this time due to vibration of the tectorial membrane against the sharp vestibular lip. This second putative mechanism provides time delays between initiation of the ripple by acoustic pressure variations and its detection by the inner hair cells, and so represents an alternative way of interpreting the traveling wave.Thus, by invoking two ways of generating ripples on the tectorial membrane, a comprehensive account of cochlear mechanics can be constructed, unifying a resonance theory (at low levels) with a traveling wave picture (at high levels).

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“…According to models and direct measurements from the cochlea (Geisler and Sang, 1995;Markin and Hudspeth, 1995;Gummer et al, 1996;Nilsen and Russell, 1999), cochlear amplification is optimal when energy from the OHCs is fed back at maximum basilar membrane velocity. Thus, one might expect that CM from the acoustic fovea with feedback would phase lead by ϳ90°that from the fovea without feedback.…”

Section: Phase Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Development of a Single Frequency Place in the Mammalian Cochlea: The Cochlear Resonance in the Mustached BatPteronotus parnellii

et al. 2003

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Cochlear microphonic potentials (CMs) were recorded from the sharply tuned, strongly resonant auditory foveae of 1-to 5-week-old mustached bats that were anesthetized with Rompun and Ketavet. The fovea processes Doppler-shifted echo responses of the constantfrequency component of echolocation calls. During development, the frequency and tuning sharpness of the cochlear resonance increases, and CM ringing persists for longer after the tone. CM is relatively insensitive at tone onset and grows linearly with increased stimulus level. During the tone, the CM is more sensitive and grows compressively with increased stimulus level and phase leads onset CM by 90°for frequencies below the resonance. CM during the ringing is also sensitive and compressive and phase leads onset CM by 180°b elow the resonance and lags it by 180°above the resonance. Throughout postnatal development, CMs measured during the tone and in the ringing increase both in sensitivity and compression. The cochlear resonance appears to be attributable to interaction between two oscillators. The more broadly tuned oscillator dominates the onset response, and the narrowly tuned oscillator dominates the ringing. Early in development, mechanical coupling between the oscillators results in a relatively broadly tuned system with several frequency modes in the CM at tone onset and in the CM ringing. Beating occurs between the resonance and the stimulus response during the tone and between two components of the narrowly tuned oscillator at tone offset. At maturity, the CM has three modes for frequencies within 10 kHz of the resonance at tone onset and a single, sharply tuned mode in the ringing.

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Erratum: Timing of cochlear feedback: spatial and temporal representation of a tone across the basilar membrane

Cited by 44 publications

References 38 publications

Medial-olivocochlear-efferent inhibition of the first peak of auditory-nerve responses: Evidence for a new motion within the cochlea

Medial-olivocochlear-efferent inhibition of the first peak of auditory-nerve responses: Evidence for a new motion within the cochlea

Helmholtz's Piano Strings: Reverberation of Ripples on the Tectorial Membrane

The Development of a Single Frequency Place in the Mammalian Cochlea: The Cochlear Resonance in the Mustached BatPteronotus parnellii

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