Erratum: Therapeutically relevant structural and functional mechanisms triggered by physical and cognitive exercise

Suo, Chao; Singh, M F; Gates, Nicola; Wang, Wen; Sachdev, Perminder S.; Brodaty, Henry; Saigal, Nidhi; Wilson, Guy C; Meiklejohn, Jacinda; Singh, Nalin; Baune, B.; Baker, Michael K.; Foroughi, Nasim; Wang, Yichuan; Mavros, Yorgi; Lampit, Amit; Leung, Isabella Hoi Kei; Valenzuela, Michael

doi:10.1038/mp.2016.57

Cited by 37 publications

(29 citation statements)

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“…1c).Remarkably, injection of RP, but not CP, led to a prominent increase in contextual learning and memory in a fear conditioning paradigm (Fig. 1d), consistent with studies reporting that exercise can improve cognitive function 8,9 and that increased hippocampal neurogenesis is linked to improved learning and memory 27,28 . In contrast, we observed no difference in freezing behavior between CP and RP infused mice in response to auditory and visual cues in this behavioral paradigm (Extended Data Fig.…”

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confidence: 87%

Exercise conditioned plasma dampens inflammation via clusterin and boosts memory

Miguel

Betley

Willoughby³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Physical exercise seems universally beneficial to human and animal health, slowing cognitive aging and neurodegeneration. Cognitive benefits are tied to increased plasticity and reduced inflammation within the hippocampus, yet little is known about the factors and mechanisms mediating these effects. We discovered "runner" plasma, collected from voluntarily running mice, infused into sedentary mice recapitulates the cellular and functional benefits of exercise on the brain. Importantly, runner plasma reduces baseline neuroinflammatory gene expression and prominently suppresses experimentally induced brain inflammation. Plasma proteomic analysis shows a striking increase in complement cascade inhibitors including clusterin, which is necessary for the anti-inflammatory effects of runner plasma. Cognitively impaired patients participating in structured exercise for 6 months showed higher plasma clusterin levels, which correlated positively with improvements in endurance and aerobic capacity. These findings demonstrate the existence of anti-inflammatory "exercise factors" that are transferrable, benefit the brain, and are present in humans engaging in exercise.Physical activity evokes profound physiological responses in multiple tissues in species from fish, to birds, rats, mice and humans 1-6 . It is widely accepted and promoted as a method of improving human health, including brain health 7-9 . Exercise interventions in people of various ages with or without neurodegenerative diseases, or brain damage, have been shown to improve cognitive function 9,10,11,12 . Neuroinflammation is a common feature of these conditions and potential mediator of the cognitive impairment associated with them [13][14][15][16] . Studies in mouse models of aging and neurodegenerative diseases, such as AD and Parkinson disease have linked long-term voluntary wheel running with improved learning and memory, and decreased neuroinflammation 17-20 . However, how exercise exerts these beneficial effects on the brain is poorly understood. It is possible that the physical exertion of muscle or lung during exercise may result in the secretion of factors from these or other tissues which subsequently signal to the brain to reduce neuroinflammation. Indeed, physical exercise increases levels of dozens of proteins in plasma, many of which are likely released from muscle tissue and thus named myokines 2,21 . Some of these myokines, such as insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) 22 , vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) 23 and platelet factor 4 (PF4) 24 increase following exercise and have been shown to increase hippocampal neurogenesis (Extended Table 1). However, it is unknown whether exercise conditioned plasma contains the factors benefitting the brain, whether these factors are directly transferrable through plasma, how such factors impact the brain, and what the key factors are. Runner plasma infusions induce neuroplasticity, improve learning and memory and regulate transcription of genes associated with the acute inflammatory response in the h...

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confidence: 87%

Exercise conditioned plasma dampens inflammation via clusterin and boosts memory

Miguel

Betley

Willoughby³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…In addition, the American College of Sports Medicine recommends resistance training activities twice a week, focusing on lower weights but higher number of repetitions (8-12 per set) (American College of Sports Medicine, 2013). The Study of Mental Activity and Resistance Training (SMART) Trial, conducted in people with mild cognitive impairment, reported that high-intensity progressive resistance training resulted in a modest regression of WMHs in periventricular and parietal zones, whereas non-progressive resistance training groups displayed WMH progression (these results did not survive whole-brain correction) (Suo et al, 2016). This is supported by another RCT that found that resistance training reduced WMH progression over 12 months in community dwelling older women (Bolandzadeh et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

The Effect of Aerobic Exercise on White Matter Hyperintensity Progression May Vary by Sex

et al. 2019

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RÉSUMÉCette étude a exploré l’efficacité de l’entraînement aérobie (EA) pour atténuer la progression de l’hyperintensité de la matière blanche (HMB) et les différences liées au sexe pour cette intervention. Un essai contrôlé randomisé a été mené pour évaluer l’effet de l’EA sur la cognition de personnes ayant un déficit cognitif d’origine vasculaire. Les participants ont été répartis aléatoirement entre deux groupes : 6 mois d’EA ou soins standards (groupe contrôle). Dans un sous-groupe de participants, l’imagerie par résonance magnétique a été utilisée pour quantifier le volume affecté par la HMB. Un modèle d’analyse de la covariance a permis de mettre en évidence une interaction sexe x groupe significative (p = 0,03). En effet, les femmes du groupe EA ont démontré une plus grande progression de l’hyperintensité de la matière blanche que les femmes du groupe contrôle (p = 0,05) pendant la durée de cette étude (6 mois). Chez les hommes, aucune différence n’a été observée entre les deux groupes (p = 0,31). Dans le groupe EA, les hommes ont montré une progression significativement moindre de la HMB, comparativement aux femmes (p = 0,01) après 6 mois. Ainsi, les effets de l’EA sur la progression de la HMB pourraient varier selon le sexe, et l’EA pourrait freiner la progression de la HMB chez les hommes, mais non chez les femmes.

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“… 22 23 24 25 For instance, combined cognitive training and progressive resistance training was found to prevent deterioration in the memory domain and increase the cortical thickness in the posterior cingulate cortex in patients with MCI. 6 In middle-aged and elderly healthy adults, memory training also increased the cortical thickness in the right fusiform and lateral orbitofrontal cortices. 23 Processingspeed training resulted in changes in cortical thickness in the right precentral gyrus, left superior temporal gyrus, and bilateral occipitotemporal junction, as well as the functional activity in the left operculum and superior temporal gyrus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“… 5 Increases in the cortical thickness and the volumes of the posterior cingulate cortex, postcentral gyrus, and hippocampus have been reported; however, these studies did not examine functional changes. 6 7 8 Previous studies using functional neuroimaging have noted activation of the left anterior hippocampus, inferior and middle frontal gyri, and left thalamus; 9 10 however, those studies did not identify structural changes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Multimodal Assessment of Neural Substrates in Computerized Cognitive Training: A Preliminary Study

Lim

Kim

et al. 2018

J Clin Neurol

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Background and PurposeSeveral studies have validated the clinical efficacy of computerized cognitive training applications. However, few studies have investigated the neural substrates of these training applications using simultaneous multimodal neuroimaging modalities. We aimed to determine the effectiveness of computerized cognitive training and corresponding neural substrates through a multimodal approach.MethodsTen patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), six patients with subjective memory impairment (SMI), and 10 normal controls received custom-developed computerized cognitive training in the memory clinic of a university hospital. All of the participants completed 24 sessions of computerized cognitive training, each lasting 40 minutes and performed twice weekly. They were assessed using neuropsychological tests (both computerized and conventional), electroencephalography, fluorodeoxyglucose positron-emission tomography (FDG-PET), volumetric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and diffusion-tensor imaging (DTI) at pre- and posttraining.ResultsThe patients with MCI exhibited significant improvements in the trail-making test–black & white-B, and memory domain of the computerized cognitive assessment. Subjects with normal cognition exhibited significant improvements in scores in the language and attention-/psychomotor-speed domains. There were no significant changes in subjects with SMI. In the pre- and posttraining evaluations of the MCI group, FDG-PET showed focal activation in the left anterior insula and anterior cingulate after training. Volumetric MRI showed a focal increase in the cortical thickness in the rostral anterior cingulate. DTI revealed increased fractional anisotropy in several regions, including the anterior cingulate.ConclusionsThe anterior cingulate and anterior insula, which are parts of the salience network, may be substrates for the improvements in cognitive function induced by computerized cognitive training.

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Erratum: Therapeutically relevant structural and functional mechanisms triggered by physical and cognitive exercise

Abstract: Following publication of the above article, the authors noticed that the second author's name was presented incorrectly. The author's name should have appeared as M Fiatarone Singh. The publisher regrets the error.

Cited by 37 publications

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Exercise conditioned plasma dampens inflammation via clusterin and boosts memory

Exercise conditioned plasma dampens inflammation via clusterin and boosts memory

The Effect of Aerobic Exercise on White Matter Hyperintensity Progression May Vary by Sex

Multimodal Assessment of Neural Substrates in Computerized Cognitive Training: A Preliminary Study

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