Conversion electron Mö ssbauer spectrometry (CEMS) and transmission 57 Fe Mö ssbauer spectrometry are used to probe the local magnetic microstructure of nanocrystalline Fe 80 Nb 7 Cu 1 B 12 alloy. Influence of different crystalline content on retained amorphous phase is studied for the surface and bulk of ribbon-shaped samples. Small amount of nanograins (less than 10%) does not have substantial impact on magnetic behaviour of the amorphous rest. The latter is significantly affected when higher annealing temperatures are applied. Differences in magnetic microstructure with respect to the crystalline content as well as between surface and bulk are discussed by the help of three-dimensional mappings of hyperfine field distributions.Introduction Nanocrystalline alloys are routinely obtained by a controlled crystallization of amorphous precursors. Depending on their composition and annealing conditions the resulting magnetic properties can be tailored to particular needs. To understand macroscopic magnetic behaviour of nanocrystalline alloys, it is inevitable to employ methods that are able to scan the local arrangements of constituent elements. Mö ssbauer spectrometry allows such investigations by providing information on structural positions of the resonant atoms and, at the same time, on their magnetic states [1].Nanocrystalline Fe-Zr-B-(Cu) alloys obtained from heat treated melt spun amorphous ribbons exhibit excellent soft magnetic properties (e.g. [2,3]). Because they crystallize into a bcc-Fe phase, their Mö ssbauer spectra are relatively simple (as compared with those of classical FINEMET alloys) thus allowing closer investigation of magnetic microstructure [4][5][6]. In this paper we report on Mö ssbauer effect studies performed upon Fe 80 Nb 7 Cu 1 B 12 nanocrystalline alloy. Such alloy is a good candidate for model analysis. Magnetic properties and structure was studied in Fe-Nb-B-(Cu) systems using also transmission Mö ssbauer spectroscopy [7][8][9]. Employing transmission as well as conversion electron (CEMS) Mö ssbauer spectroscopy, we have focused our attention on the influence of annealing temperature, i.e. content of nanocrystallites, on hyperfine magnetic fields.