Erratum: Southern Ocean sea-ice extent, productivity and iron flux over the past eight glacial cycles

Wolff, Eric W.; Fischer, Hubertus; Fundel, Felix; Ruth, Urs; Twarloh, Birthe; Littot, Geneviève C; Mulvaney, Robert; Röthlisberger, Regine; Angelis, M. de; Boutron, Claude F.; Hansson, Margareta; Jonsell, Ulf; Hutterli, Manuel A.; Lambert, Fabrice; Kaufmann, P.; Stauffer, B.; Stocker, Thomas F.; Steffensen, Jørgen Peder; Bigler, Matthias; Siggaard-Andersen, Marie-Louise; Udisti, Roberto; Becagli, Silvia; Castellano, E.; Wagenbach, Dietmar; Barbante, Carlo; Gabrielli, Paolo; Gaspari, Vania

doi:10.1038/nature06271

Cited by 37 publications

(70 citation statements)

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“…Scattered exposure ages suggest that some glaciers expanded during this time and the Pukaki Glacier in New Zealand shows evidence for an MIS 4 advance around 65 ka Figure 4), which would be consistent with a similarly-timed maxima in the Northern Hemisphere during MIS 4 (Clark et al, 1993;Stokes et al, 2012). The exposure ages from this glacier correlate with significant increases in dust production in the East Dronning Maud Land (EDML) and EPICA Dome C (EDC) Antarctic ice core records Wolff et al, 2006;EPICA, 2004EPICA, , 2006 Figure 8K), and a reduction in upwelling (Anderson et al, 2009; Figure 8H). Antarctic temperatures show a marked cooling equivalent to the gLGM in the EDML and EDC ice cores until around 63 ka (EPICA, 2004(EPICA, , 2006 Figure 8B and C).…”

Section: Mis 4 (Ca 71-57 Ka)mentioning

confidence: 61%

“…Antarctic temperatures warmed following MIS 4 (EPICA, 2006), and early MIS 3 showed a strong millennial-scale pattern of warming and cooling into and out of the A4-1 events (Blunier & Brook, 2001; Figure 8D). The absence of prolonged cooling or build-up of sea-ice (Crosta et al, 2004;Wolff et al, 2006) suggests that these were only transient events and so may have prevented any significant glacial advances. In New Zealand, speleothem records suggest a cooler period at 51-45 ka (Williams et al, 2015), and the Te Anau cave stratigraphy suggests a glacial advance at ca.…”

Section: Early Mis 3 (Ca 57-45 Ka)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The timing and cause of glacial advances in the southern mid-latitudes during the last glacial cycle based on a synthesis of exposure ages from Patagonia and New Zealand

Darvill

Bentley

Stokes

et al. 2016

Quaternary Science Reviews

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Section: Mis 4 (Ca 71-57 Ka)mentioning

confidence: 61%

Section: Early Mis 3 (Ca 57-45 Ka)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The timing and cause of glacial advances in the southern mid-latitudes during the last glacial cycle based on a synthesis of exposure ages from Patagonia and New Zealand

Darvill

Bentley

Stokes

et al. 2016

Quaternary Science Reviews

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“…The amount of Li detected in the process blanks was, however, much lower than the glacial concentrations and were sufficiently low enough to have no affect on the significance of the relatively low interglacial Li concentrations. The IC Ca 2+ record [22] was measured in parallel with a high resolution Ca 2+ record obtained by Continuous Flow Analysis [23].…”

Section: Ic Analysis Of LI + and Ca 2+mentioning

confidence: 99%

Soluble and insoluble lithium dust in the EPICA DomeC ice core—Implications for changes of the East Antarctic dust provenance during the recent glacial–interglacial transition

Siggaard-Andersen¹,

Gabrielli²,

Steffensen³

et al. 2007

Earth and Planetary Science Letters

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Continental dust impurities in Antarctic ice provide information on climate changes in the dust source areas and on past atmospheric circulation. We investigated records of dust species from the last 45 ka in the East Antarctic EPICA DomeC (EDC) ice core with special emphasis on the lithium (Li) content of dust. We obtained two complementary Li-records using a new Ion Chromatography (IC) technique in line with Inductively Coupled Plasma-Sector Field Mass Spectroscopy (ICP-SFMS). Concentrations of soluble Li (Li + ) were obtained using IC, while total concentrations of Li (Li T ) were obtained using ICP-SFMS, providing an ideal opportunity to investigate the soluble and insoluble chemistry of Li in East Antarctic dust over the last glacialinterglacial transition. The records show that changes in the solubility of Li are associated with climatic changes. For the late glacial period and the Antarctic Cold Reversal (ACR) a large fraction, up to 75%, of the Li T content is present as insoluble minerals whereas for the Holocene period it seems that Li is present mainly as soluble salts (Li + ). We compared the concentrations of Li + with the concentrations of Ca 2+ and the mass and size characteristics of the dust, which were obtained using Coulter Counting (CC). Furthermore we compared the concentrations of Li T with the concentrations of Ba T . Our analysis suggests that the changes in solubility of Li along the EDC ice core are related to changes in compositions of the dust minerals. During the late glacial period, changes in the dust composition is characteristic of variations in the strength of the atmospheric circulation, while changes over the last glacial-interglacial transition are indicative of a change in the major dust source areas. The dust characteristics for the glacial and the Holocene periods indicate two different dust types. The glacial dust type partly disappeared after the ACR, while the Holocene dust type appeared significantly after around 16 ka BP and became dominant after the ACR. The relative increase in the Holocene dust type at the glacial-interglacial transition could be due to changed conditions in the potential source area or to changed patterns of atmospheric circulation, resulting in enhanced transport from a source area that was different from the glacial source areas.

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“…Crosta et al [2008], de Vernal et al [2005] and Müller et al [2009], based on marine sediment core data, use diatom frustules, dynocysts and biomarkers specifically produced by sea ice-associated diatoms and open water phytoplankton, respectively. Curran et al [2003] and Wolff et al [2006] use the concentration of methane-sulphonic acid (MSA), an atmospheric by-product of DMS emission in the sea ice zone; and sea salt sodium from glacial ice core data, respectively. However, Hezel et al [2011] -in an attempt to model the sulphur cycle in the Southern Ocean -find that the presence of sea ice does not exert the dominant control on the interannual variability in DMS emissions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of sea ice in global biogeochemical cycles: emerging views and challenges

Vancoppenolle

Meiners

Michel

et al. 2013

Quaternary Science Reviews

215

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International audienceObservations from the last decade suggest an important role of sea ice in the global biogeochemical cycles, promoted by (i) active biological and chemical processes within the sea ice; (ii) fluid and gas exchanges at the sea ice interface through an often permeable sea ice cover; and (iii) tight physical, biological and chemical interactions between the sea ice, the ocean and the atmosphere. Photosynthetic micro-organisms in sea ice thrive in liquid brine inclusions encased in a pure ice matrix, where they find suitable light and nutrient levels. They extend the production season, provide a winter and early spring food source, and contribute to organic carbon export to depth. Under-ice and ice edge phytoplankton blooms occur when ice retreats, favoured by increasing light, stratification, and by the release of material into the water column. In particular, the release of iron - highly concentrated in sea ice - could have large effects in the iron-limited Southern Ocean. The export of inorganic carbon transport by brine sinking below the mixed layer, calcium carbonate precipitation in sea ice, as well as active ice-atmosphere carbon dioxide (CO₂) fluxes, could play a central role in the marine carbon cycle. Sea ice processes could also significantly contribute to the sulphur cycle through the large production by ice algae of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), the precursor of sulphate aerosols, which as cloud condensation nuclei have a potential cooling effect on the planet. Finally, the sea ice zone supports significant ocean-atmosphere methane (CH₄) fluxes, while saline ice surfaces activate springtime atmospheric bromine chemistry, setting ground for tropospheric ozone depletion events observed near both poles. All these mechanisms are generally known, but neither precisely understood nor quantified at large scales. As polar regions are rapidly changing, understanding the large-scale polar marine biogeochemical processes and their future evolution is of high priority. Earth system models should in this context prove essential, but they currently represent sea ice as biologically and chemically inert. Palaeoclimatic proxies are also relevant, in particular the sea ice proxies, inferring past sea ice conditions from glacial and marine sediment core records and providing analogues for future changes. Being highly constrained by marine biogeochemistry, sea ice proxies would not only contribute to but also benefit from a better understanding of polar marine biogeochemical cycles

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Erratum: Southern Ocean sea-ice extent, productivity and iron flux over the past eight glacial cycles

Cited by 37 publications

References 1 publication

The timing and cause of glacial advances in the southern mid-latitudes during the last glacial cycle based on a synthesis of exposure ages from Patagonia and New Zealand

The timing and cause of glacial advances in the southern mid-latitudes during the last glacial cycle based on a synthesis of exposure ages from Patagonia and New Zealand

Soluble and insoluble lithium dust in the EPICA DomeC ice core—Implications for changes of the East Antarctic dust provenance during the recent glacial–interglacial transition

Role of sea ice in global biogeochemical cycles: emerging views and challenges

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