Erratum: Shrinking of Rapidly Evaporating Water Microdroplets Reveals their Extreme Supercooling [Phys. Rev. Lett. 120 , 015501 (2018)]

Abstract

This corrects the article DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.120.015501.

Evaporating laminar microjets for studies of rapidly evolving structural transformations in supercooled liquids

“…The resonances are described in the framework of the Mie-Debye light scattering theory [85], which shows that the observed shift of the resonance peaks ( Figure 5(a)) is directly related to a decrease in the droplet diameter with an increasing distance from the nozzle. Accordingly, the droplet diameter could be directly determined from the Raman shifts of the resonance peaks [26]. The obtained values, shown as filled circles in Figure 5(b), then strongly constrained the Knudsen evaporative cooling model calculation, shown as thick solid line in Figure 5(b).…”

“…The obtained values, shown as filled circles in Figure 5(b), then strongly constrained the Knudsen evaporative cooling model calculation, shown as thick solid line in Figure 5(b). From the corresponding temperature curve plotted in Figure 5(c), a lowest liquid droplet temperature of 230.6 ± 0.6 K was thus inferred at about 28.4 mm from the nozzle, the distance at which a small fraction of the about 6-μm-diameter water droplets were still liquid before they froze to ice [26]. These results unambiguously demonstrate that water's deeply supercooled region can be uniquely probed by employing a micrometre-sized water jet in a vacuum.…”

“…The clean, continuously replenishing vacuum-exposed jet surface completely suppresses possible heterogeneous nucleation sites. The formation of droplets in Figure 1(a) and (b) indicates that the jet (in this case water) is still liquid at the Rayleigh breakup point, and freezing will occur further downstream [25,26]. By contrast, Figure 1(c) shows an example of a cryogenic jet generated by forcing liquid hydrogen at 16 K. Here, the jet freezes well before Rayleigh breakup can take place, causing the formation of a continuous, several millimetres long solid filament [27].…”

“…Given the great extent to which structural changes in water occur for small variations of the temperature in the deeply supercooled region [74], a more reliable estimation of the droplet temperature is mandatory in order to substantiate the interpretation of experimental data obtained in this only hard-to-access regime. Goy et al [26] recently tackled this problem by obtaining a very accurate and precise measure of the size of very small evaporating water droplets in a triggered jet probed by Raman light scattering. To determine the droplet diameter, they exploited the observation in the Raman spectra of morphology-dependent optical resonances, so-called whispering gallery modes [84], as shown in Figure 5(a).…”

Effect of dissolved salt on the anomalies of water at negative pressure

“…Kim et al concluded that a κ T maximum exists at 229 K. However, extracting κ T requires calculating the droplet temperature, and an extrapolation of density data. This extrapolation of density data and the existence of a κ T maximum have been later debated 26,27 , and the accuracy of the reported temperature put into question 28,29 . Nevertheless, if it exists, the κ T maximum near zero pressure would be compatible with the κ T maxima reported at negative pressure.…”