Erratum

Abstract

Daytime incontinence is a major problem for retarded children. A training procedure for eliminating this problem should be facilitated by an apparatus that provided the trainer with an immediate signal when the child voided so that the trainer could react immediately. Two apparatuses were developed for this purpose: a toilet-chair apparatus to signal proper toileting and a portable pants-alarm apparatus to signal wetting of the pants. A reprimand was given when pants wetting occurred whereas positive reinforcement was given for proper toileting. Results with four profoundly retarded children indicated the reliability of the apparatuses in practice and the effectiveness of a toilet training program that used the two apparatuses.Nocturnal incontinence of normal children has received extensive study as a result of which effective treatments based on conditioning procedures have been developed (Mowrer and Mowrer, 1938), refined, and systematically evaluated (see review by Lovibond, 1964 (FALL 1971)