Erratum: High-latitude controls of thermocline nutrients and low latitude biological productivity

Abstract

In this Letter, an error in the legend of Fig. 2a was drawn to our attention by G. de Souza (Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH), Zürich). The correction of Si* for denitrification was erroneously described as ''We correct for this by using N* (ref. 30), to define a corrected Si* 5 Si(OH) 4 2 NO 3 2 2 d(N*) where d is set to one if N* is smaller than 22 mmol kg 21 and to zero otherwise.'' The actual correction used in producing Fig. 2a was done as follows: ''We correct for this by using N* 5 NO 3 2 2 16PO 4 , to define a corrected Si* 5 Si(OH) 4 2 NO 3 2 1 d(N*) where d is set to one if N* is smaller than 23 mmol kg 21 and to zero otherwise.'' This has been corrected in the HTML version online.

Closure of the Global Overturning Circulation Through the Indian, Pacific, and Southern Oceans: Schematics and Transports

“…The enhanced nutrient content of SAMW is evidence of its origin as upwelled IDW/PDW, and is essential to the biological productivity of much of the world ocean's thermocline (Sarmiento et al, 2004 on shallower isopycnals must connect through some process other than net meridional geostrophic transport (Gill and Bryan, 1971;Toggweiler and Samuels, 1995). Another way of stating this special circumstance is that shallow isopycnals that outcrop in the Figure 2).…”

“…The heavy purple line segment on the latitude axes marks the drake passage latitude band (61°-57°S). For further information on these sections, including other measured properties and data sets, see the World Ocean circulation experiment atlases (Orsi and Whitworth, 2004;talley, 2007, 2011Koltermann et al, 2011). SAMW to the thermocline are evidence of the upwelled nutrient-rich IDW/PDW component (Sarmiento et al, 2004).…”

Water Mass Analysis of Effect of Climate Change on Air–Sea CO2 Fluxes: The Southern Ocean

“…It has been shown that the oceanic transport and cumulative carbon fluxes of carbon are tightly linked to water masses of the Southern Ocean (e.g., Sabine et al 2004;Iudicone et al 2011). In the Southern Ocean, the interplay between ocean dynamics and biogeochemistry is particularly strong, because it occurs where many of the key global water masses are formed [e.g., Southern Antarctic Modal Water (SAMW), Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW), and Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW)], are intensively modified [e.g., North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW)], or are simply redistributed among the main ocean basins with a considerable impact on the global carbon and nutrient cycles (e.g., Sarmiento et al 2004;Sarmiento and Gruber 2006;Iudicone et al 2011).…”

Late Holocene intensification of the westerly winds at the subantarctic Auckland Islands (51° S), New Zealand

“…The position, strength, and symmetry of the SHWW determines precipitation patterns over mid-latitude southern landmasses, and modifies upwelling of nutrient-and carbon-rich water along oceanic fronts associated with the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC; Carter et al, 2009;Dinniman et al, 2012;Lovenduski and Gruber, 2005;Menviel et al, 2008). Southern Ocean upwelling releases CO 2 into the atmosphere and provides nutrients to lower latitudes via northward advection of Subantarctic Mode Water (SAMW), which forms at the Subantarctic I. M. Browne et al: Late Holocene intensification of the westerly winds Front (SAF), on the northern margin of the ACC (Carter et al, 2009;Palter et al, 2010;Sarmiento et al, 2004). Westerly wind-driven upwelling therefore plays a major role in modulating Pacific Ocean primary productivity and Southern Ocean air-sea CO 2 exchange, on decadal to orbital timescales (Anderson et al, 2009;Lovenduski et al, 2008;Sigman et al, 2010;Skinner et al, 2010;Toggweiler et al, 2006).…”