Erratum: Experimental Observation of Bias-Dependent Nonlocal Andreev Reflection [Phys. Rev. Lett.<b>95</b>, 027002 (2005)]

Russo, Salvy P.; Kroug, M.; Klapwijk, T. M.; Morpurgo, Alberto F.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.95.229901

Cited by 123 publications

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“…However, so far there is no direct observation of this fact. In a NSN type of structure, CPS and EC could be distinguished by applying a dc bias [5]. Since there were no QDs in the normal metal experiments, it was proposed that the probability of CPS and EC is energy dependent, resulting in a symmetric total effect of CPS and EC with respect to positive and negative bias.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…DOI A Cooper pair, splitting from a superconductor into two different normal metal terminals [1,2], is a natural source of nonlocal entangled electrons, which is an essential resource for quantum information processing [3]. During the past decade, many efforts have been made to split Cooper pairs into metal [4][5][6][7], InAs nanowire [8][9][10], and carbon nanotube [11,12]. In a normal-superconductor-normal (NSN) type of metallic structure, evidence of entangled pairs has been reported using combined conductance and noise correlation measurements in two SN junctions [7].…”

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Cooper Pair Splitting by Means of Graphene Quantum Dots

et al. 2015

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Split Cooper pair is a natural source for entangled electrons which is a basic ingredient for quantum information in solid state. We report an experiment on a superconductor-graphene double quantum dot (QD) system, in which we observe Cooper pair splitting (CPS) up to a CPS efficiency of ∼ 10%. With bias on both QDs, we are able to detect a positive conductance correlation across the two distinctly decoupled QDs. Furthermore, with bias only on one QD, CPS and elastic co-tunneling can be distinguished by tuning the energy levels of the QDs to be asymmetric or symmetric with respect to the Fermi level in the superconductor.

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confidence: 99%

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Cooper Pair Splitting by Means of Graphene Quantum Dots

et al. 2015

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“…This signal was superposed on a CI contribution that was almost three orders of magnitude larger. Russo et al [17] measured the nonlocal resistance of NS structures with tunneling interfaces as a function of the voltage bias. They observed a positive nonlocal voltage at zero bias that turned into a negative nonlocal voltage with increasing voltage bias, which they ascribed to a transition from EC to CAR.…”

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Nonlocal Correlations in Normal-Metal Superconducting Systems

2006

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We examine nonlocal effects between normal-metal gold probes connected by superconducting aluminum. For highly transparent Au/Al interfaces, we find nonlocal voltages that obey a spatial and temperature evolution distinct from the nonequilibrium charge imbalance signals usually found in such systems. These voltages are consistent with the predicted effects of crossed Andreev reflection and elastic cotunneling, effects that involve coherent correlations between spatially separated electrons.

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“…Conversely, in the absence of the FM, equal spin OTE pairing is forbidden by time-reversal symmetry and CAR contributions completely vanish. Our proposal, based on well established measurements of the differential conductance [18,19], turns out to provide the simplest constituents necessary to directly probe odd-frequency triplet pairing. Hence, CAR is a crystal-clear transport signature of unconventional superconductivity in helical arXiv:1503.07784v2 [cond-mat.mes-hall] 6 Oct 2015 2 liquids.…”

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Odd-frequency triplet superconductivity at the helical edge of a topological insulator

2015

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Non-local pairing processes at the edge of a two-dimensional topological insulator in proximity to an s-wave superconductor are usually suppressed by helicity. However, additional proximity of a ferromagnetic insulator can substantially influence the helical constraint and therefore open a new conduction channel by allowing for crossed Andreev reflection (CAR) processes. We show a oneto-one correspondence between CAR and the emergence of odd-frequency triplet superconductivity. Hence, non-local transport experiments that identify CAR in helical liquids yield smoking-gun evidence for unconventional superconductivity. Interestingly, we identify a setup -composed of a superconductor flanked by two ferromagnetic insulators -that allows us to favor CAR over electron cotunneling which is known to be a difficult but essential task to be able to measure CAR. PACS numbers: 74.45.+c, 74.78.Na, 71.10.Pm, 74.20.Rp Introduction.-The influence of strong spin-orbit coupling and the constraint of time reversal symmetry are responsible for the appearance of helical electronic channels at the edge of two-dimensional (2D) topological insulators [1][2][3]. Ample evidence for the experimental detection of these edge states has been seen in transport [4][5][6] and scanning SQUID experiments [7]. Proximity of an ordinary s-wave superconductor can induce pairing at the helical edge [8,9]. Interestingly, the interplay of helicity and superconducting order gives rise to unconventional proximity-induced superconductivity (SC) in these systems. However, it is fair to say that it is very difficult to unambiguously probe the emergence of unconventional SC because -often times -conventional and unconventional signatures of SC look alike. Several recent experiments have demonstrated (as a first step towards the detection of unconventional SC) that helical liquids as boundary states of quantum spin Hall systems can indeed be brought in proximity to s-wave superconductors [10] and serve, for instance, as conducting channels of a Josephson junction [11,12]. Importantly, helicity guarantees perfect local Andreev reflection [13] -the conversion of an electron into a hole with opposite spin -at the interface between the normal and the proximity-induced superconducting region called NS junction. Evidently, perfect local Andreev reflection can give rise to sub-gap Andreev states, for instance, in Josephson junction setups. Among these sub-gap states, the one with zero excitation energy is its own chargeconjugate state. It has been coined Majorana (bound) state and has attracted a lot of attention because of potential applications of this anyonic state for topological quantum computing [14]. If a ferromagnet (FM) is placed in vicinity to the NS interface the Majorana (bound) state can be localized in the region between the FM and the SC [9]. This localization allows us to make a formal connection to the physics of a finite-size 1D p-wave topological superconductor [15], and its potential realizations in spin-orbit nanowires [16,17]. In this Letter, ...

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Erratum: Experimental Observation of Bias-Dependent Nonlocal Andreev Reflection [Phys. Rev. Lett.95, 027002 (2005)]

Cited by 123 publications

References 0 publications

Cooper Pair Splitting by Means of Graphene Quantum Dots

Cooper Pair Splitting by Means of Graphene Quantum Dots

Nonlocal Correlations in Normal-Metal Superconducting Systems

Odd-frequency triplet superconductivity at the helical edge of a topological insulator

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