Erratum: Exogenous plant MIR168a specifically targets mammalian LDLRAP1: evidence of cross-kingdom regulation by microRNA

Abstract

In the initial published version of this article, an error was made during the assembly of Figure 5B. Figure 5B is a representative image of western blots, which shows that rice-derived MIR168a can down-regulate LDLRAP1 expression in mouse liver and that the injection of antiMIR168a rescued the expression of LDLRAP1. After the initial publishing of this article, it has been brought to our attention that the image of the internal control in previous Figure 5B showing the western blot results of α-tubulin, actually duplicated the images in other parts of the paper (specifically, the left two lanes of the α-tubulin western data in previous Figure 5B duplicated the α-tubulin image of Figure 3C, while the right two lanes duplicated the α-tubulin image of Figure S3D). This error in previous Figure 5B was inadvertently introduced during the assembly of figure panels for this paper.Moreover, after a careful re-examination of the figure legend, we also found that the figure legend of previous Figure 5 was not precise. The corrected figure and its legend are provided below. The detailed results of all the western blot experiments analyzing liver samples of individual mice from different groups (chow diet, rice, rice + anti-ncRNA, rice + anti-MIR168a) are also available for interested readers at our website: http://mcube.nju.edu. cn/mir168a_regulates_ldlrap1.html This correction of Figure 5 and its legend does not affect the description of the results in the paper or the conclusions of our paper. We would like to thank the reader who brought the error of Figure 5B to our attention. We also deeply apologize for any inconvenience that may have been caused by our error.

Cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of different extracts of Moringa�oleifera Lam on lymphoid and monocytoid cells

“…Zhang and other researchers demonstrated the cross-kingdom interaction concept, in which miRNA present in plant extracts introduced by the diet were able to control gene expression in human cells (16,43,44). More recently, we have sequenced the miRnome of Moringa oleifera , and miRNA homologous to human miRNA was identified (12,31).…”

“…Recently, scientific studies have demonstrated the existence of a so-called ‘cross-kingdom interaction’, which is mediated by exogenous miRNAs that are derived from plants: These, inside the host cell, serve to regulate the gene expression machinery (12–16).…”

Evidence of transfer of miRNAs from the diet to the blood still inconclusive

“…Controlled feeding study to corroborate Zhang et al (2011) Analysis of plasma and liver did not reveal measurable uptake of rice miRNAs…”

Advances in Bioactivity of MicroRNAs of Plant-Derived Exosome-Like Nanoparticles and Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles

“…Being an important regulator of gene expression, miRNAs were implicated in numerous biological and pathological processes, such as inflammation, tumor metastasis, intestinal microbiota regulation, and immune system regulation, often through interspecies communications. For example, miR-168a from rice entered the serum through gastrointestinal tract in mice and inhibited the expression of low-density-lipoprotein receptor adapter protein 1, thereby decreasing the level of low-density lipoprotein . However, the concept of dietary transfer of miRNAs was subjected to intense debate as to whether a cross-kingdom effect existed or whether these exogenous miRNA detected in blood and tissues were reflective of sample contamination or nonfunctional ingestion. − Although some studies showed that miRNAs in plant ELNs and milk EVs presented within the human circulatory system followed dietary intake and exerted their specific biological functions via cross-species/cross-kingdom regulation of endogenous target gene expression, corroborating and proverbial evidence were still needed to support their direct regulatory role in consumers.…”