Erratum: Corrigendum: 4-1BB-mediated immunotherapy of rheumatoid arthritis

Seo, Su K.; Choi, Jae Hoon; Kim, Young H.; Kang, Woojin; Park, Hye Y.; Suh, Jae Hee; Choi, Beom K.; Vinay, Dass S.; Kwon, Byoung S.

doi:10.1038/nm1104-1261

Nat Med

2004

DOI: 10.1038/nm1104-1261

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Erratum: Corrigendum: 4-1BB-mediated immunotherapy of rheumatoid arthritis

Su K. Seo¹,

Jae Hoon Choi²,

Young H. Kim³

et al.

Abstract: In the Figure 4 legend, "CD11c + CD8 + T or CD11c-CD8 +" should read "CD11c + CD8 + or CD11c-CD8 + T cells." In b of the Figure 5 legend, "control IgG or" should be deleted.

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Exploiting Complexity and the Robustness of Network Architecture for Drug Discovery

Hellerstein¹

2008

J Pharmacol Exp Ther

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The issue of complexity stands at the center of contemporary drug discovery and development. The central problem in drug development today is attrition of drug candidates identified by the modern molecular target-based discovery approach, due to two related features of complex metabolic networks: their fundamentally unpredictable response to targeted interventions and their "robustness" (tendency to maintain stable function in the face of internal or external perturbations). Complexity and adaptations are, therefore, generally seen as obstacles to drug discovery. Here, the converse proposition is presented-that the complexity and adaptive responses of highly interconnected metabolic networks can be exploited for therapeutic discovery. Unanticipated connectivity relationships may result in "off-target" changes in metabolic fluxes, leading to unexpected therapeutic actions of agents. Exploiting this approach requires that fully assembled living systems (in vivo models) be studied and that informative in vivo biomarkers of the activity of biochemical pathways responsible for disease be available. These biomarkers should be sensitive, predictive of functional endpoints, and have high enough throughput for efficient screening of large numbers of agents. To the extent that such biomarkers unambiguously reflect the activity of pathways that mediate disease or therapeutic response (i.e., are "authentic"), their utility will be increased. Examples are presented of pathway-based screening of approved drugs for unexpected actions. Results support the principle that agents that have one action typically have many actions, including unanticipated actions, reflecting connectivity relationships of complex networks. Pathway-based screening in vivo represents an alternative to the high attrition of the molecular target-based discovery paradigm.

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Exploiting Complexity and the Robustness of Network Architecture for Drug Discovery

Hellerstein¹

2008

J Pharmacol Exp Ther

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4-1BB Signaling Promotes Alveolar Macrophages-Mediated Pro-Fibrotic Responses and Crystalline Silica-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in Mice

et al. 2018

Front. Immunol.

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Silicosis is caused by exposure to crystalline silica (CS). We have previously shown that blocking 4-1BB signaling attenuated CS-induced inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis. However, the cells that express 4-1BB, which plays a vital role in promoting fibrosis, are still unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that the expression of 4-1BB is elevated in alveolar macrophages (AMs) in the lungs of CS-injured mice. CS exposure also markedly enhanced the expression of 4-1BB in macrophage-like, MH-S cells. In these cells, activation of the 4-1BB signaling with an agonist antibody led to upregulated secretion of pro-fibrotic mediators. Consistently, blocking 4-1BB downstream signaling or genetic deletion of 4-1BB alleviated pro-fibrotic responses in vitro, while treatment with a 4-1BB fusion protein promoted pro-fibrotic responses. In vivo experiments showed that blocking 4-1BB signaling decreased the expressions of pro-fibrotic mediators and fibrosis. These data suggest that 4-1BB signaling plays an important role in promoting AMs-mediated pro-fibrotic responses and pulmonary fibrosis. Our findings may provide a potential molecular target to reduce CS-induced fibrotic responses in occupational lung disease.

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4-1BB Agonists: Multi-Potent Potentiators of Tumor Immunity

2015

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Immunotherapy is a rapidly expanding field of oncology aimed at targeting, not the tumor itself, but the immune system combating the cancerous lesion. Of the many approaches currently under study to boost anti-tumor immune responses; modulation of immune co-receptors on lymphocytes in the tumor microenvironment has thus far proven to be the most effective. Antibody blockade of the T cell co-inhibitory receptor cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) has become the first FDA approved immune checkpoint blockade; however, tumor infiltrating lymphocytes express a diverse array of additional stimulatory and inhibitory co-receptors, which can be targeted to boost tumor immunity. Among these, the co-stimulatory receptor 4-1BB (CD137/TNFSF9) possesses an unequaled capacity for both activation and pro-inflammatory polarization of anti-tumor lymphocytes. While functional studies of 4-1BB have focused on its prominent role in augmenting cytotoxic CD8 T cells, 4-1BB can also modulate the activity of CD4 T cells, B cells, natural killer cells, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. 4-1BB’s expression on both T cells and antigen presenting cells, coupled with its capacity to promote survival, expansion, and enhanced effector function of activated T cells, has made it an alluring target for tumor immunotherapy. In contrast to immune checkpoint blocking antibodies, 4-1BB agonists can both potentiate anti-tumor and anti-viral immunity, while at the same time ameliorating autoimmune disease. Despite this, 4-1BB agonists can trigger high grade liver inflammation which has slowed their clinical development. In this review, we discuss how the underlying immunobiology of 4-1BB activation suggests the potential for therapeutically synergistic combination strategies in which immune adverse events can be minimized.

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Erratum: Corrigendum: 4-1BB-mediated immunotherapy of rheumatoid arthritis

Abstract: In the Figure 4 legend, "CD11c + CD8 + T or CD11c-CD8 +" should read "CD11c + CD8 + or CD11c-CD8 + T cells." In b of the Figure 5 legend, "control IgG or" should be deleted.

Cited by 4 publications

References 1 publication

Exploiting Complexity and the Robustness of Network Architecture for Drug Discovery

Exploiting Complexity and the Robustness of Network Architecture for Drug Discovery

4-1BB Signaling Promotes Alveolar Macrophages-Mediated Pro-Fibrotic Responses and Crystalline Silica-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in Mice

4-1BB Agonists: Multi-Potent Potentiators of Tumor Immunity

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