Erratum

Sánchez‐Azofeifa, G. Arturo; Quesada, Maurício; Rodrı́guez, Jon Paul; Nassar, Jafet M.; Stoner, Kathryn E.; Melgoza‐Castillo, Alicia; Garvin, Theresa; Zent, Egleé L.; Calvo–Alvarado, Julio; Kalácska, Margaret; Fajardo, Laurie; Gamon, John A.; Cuevas‐Reyes, Pablo

doi:10.1111/j.1744-7429.2005.00066.x

Cited by 128 publications

(143 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(19 reference statements)

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“…Karina Banda-R, 1,9 Alfonso Delgado-Salinas, 2 Kyle G. Dexter, 1,3 Reynaldo Linares-Palomino, 4,10 Ary Oliveira-Filho, 5 Darién Prado, 6 Martin Pullan, 1 Catalina Quintana, 7 Ricarda Riina, 8 Gina M. Rodríguez M., 9 Julia Weintritt, 1 Pedro Acevedo-Rodríguez, 11 Juan Adarve, 12 Esteban Álvarez, 13 Anairamiz Aranguren B., 14 Julián Camilo Arteaga, 15 Gerardo Aymard, 16 Alejandro Castaño, 17 Natalia Ceballos-Mago, 18 Álvaro Cogollo, 13 Hermes Cuadros, 19 Freddy Delgado, 20 Wilson Devia, 21 Hilda Dueñas, 15 Laurie Fajardo, 22 Ángel Fernández, 23 Miller Ángel Fernández, 24 Janet Franklin, 25 Ethan H.Freid, 26 Luciano A. Galetti, 6 Reina Gonto, 23 Roy González-M., 27 …”

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Plant diversity patterns in neotropical dry forests and their conservation implications

Dryflor¹,

Banda-R²,

Delgado‐Salinas³

et al. 2016

Science

507

259

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Seasonally dry tropical forests are distributed across Latin America and the Caribbean and are highly threatened, with less than 10% of their original extent remaining in many countries. Using 835 inventories covering 4660 species of woody plants, we show marked floristic turnover among inventories and regions, which may be higher than in other neotropical biomes, such as savanna. Such high floristic turnover indicates that numerous conservation areas across many countries will be needed to protect the full diversity of tropical dry forests. Our results provide a scientific framework within which national decision-makers can contextualize the floristic significance of their dry forest at a regional and continental scale. N eotropical seasonally dry forest (dry forest) is a biome with a wide and fragmented distribution, found from Mexico to Argentina and throughout the Caribbean (1, 2) ( Fig. 1). It is one of the most threatened tropical forests in the world (3), with less than 10% of its original extent remaining in many countries (4).Following other authors (5, 6), we define dry forest as having a closed canopy, distinguishing it from more open, grass-rich savanna. It occurs on fertile soils where the rainfall is less thañ 1800 mm per year, with a period of 3 to 6 months receiving less than 100 mm per month (5-7), during which the vegetation is mostly deciduous. Seasonally dry areas, especially in Peru and Mexico, were home to pre-Columbian civilizations, so human interaction with dry forest has a long history (8). The climates and fertile soils of dry forest regions have led to higher human population densities and an increasing demand for energy and land, enhancing degradation (9). More recently, destruction of dry forest has been accelerated by intensive cultivation of crops, such as sugar cane, rice and soy, or by conversion to pasture for cattle.Dry forest is in a critical state because so little of it is intact, and of the remnant areas, little is protected (3). For example, only 1.2% of the total Caatinga region of dry forest in Brazil is fully protected compared with 9.9% of the Brazilian Amazon (10). Conservation actions are urgently needed to protect dry forest's unique biodiversity-many plant species and even genera are restricted to it and reflect an evolutionary history confined to this biome (1).We evaluate the floristic relationships of the disjunct areas of neotropical dry forest and highlight those that contain the highest diversity and endemism of woody plant species. We also explore woody plant species turnover across geographic space among dry forests. Our results provide a framework to allow the conservation significance of each separate major region of dry forest to be assessed at a continental scale. Our analyses are based on a subset of a data set of 1602 inventories made in dry forest and related semi-deciduous forests from Mexico and the Caribbean to Argentina and Paraguay that covers 6958 woody species, which has been compiled by the Latin American and Caribbean Seasonally Dry Tropica...

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unclassified

Plant diversity patterns in neotropical dry forests and their conservation implications

Dryflor¹,

Banda-R²,

Delgado‐Salinas³

et al. 2016

Science

507

259

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The TDF in Colombia includes localized areas between 12°24'33" and 1°39'35.31" latitude N and 77°21'31" and 70°27'43" longitude W, with an average annual temperature greater than 17°C. It corresponds to the lowlands and mountains with altitudes below 1500 m; the precipitation does not exceed 2000 mm, the rains are distinctly seasonal, and drought occurs for 3 months or longer (Mooney et al 1995, Sánchez-Azofeifa et al 2005. A population of 30.6 million people is settled in these areas (DANE 2015), which is equivalent to 63% of the Colombian population.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orchids distribution and bioclimatic niches as a strategy to climate change in areas of tropical dry forest in Colombia

Reina-Rodriguez

Mejía²,

Llanos³

et al. 2017

Lankesteriana

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AbstrACt. Climate change projections in Colombia predict an average increase in temperature of 2.6°C and in precipitation of 20% by the end of the century. These changes would directly affect the tropical dry forest (TDF) and its biodiversity. Epiphytic orchids, more exposed to the atmosphere than the terrestrial biota, remain dependent on climatic variables, making them particularly susceptible to climate change. We studied the spatial and temporal changes of a focal group of 12 orchid species typical of the TDF in Colombia, and the future conservation areas to this ecosystem. The algorithm used by MaxEnt was employed for modelling. A total of 439 records: direct observations (276); herbaria collections (159) Other variables analysed, such as distance thresholds of pollinators (Euglossini), availability of phorophytes, and distances to TDF cover and protected areas, all suggest an improving connectivity between the lowland and mid-mountain areas. Consequently, bioclimatic niches (BN) are proposed as a new landscape management unit. Throughout the country, 69 of these BN were located as an adaptation-conservation strategy against climate change in the TDF in Colombia.resumen. Las proyecciones del cambio climático en Colombia, indican en promedio un incremento en 2.6°C de temperatura y 20% de la precipitación para el fin del siglo. Estos cambios afectarán directamente al bosque seco tropical (Bs-T) y su biodiversidad. Las orquídeas epífitas, más expuestas a la atmósfera que la biota terrestre mantienen dependencia de variables ligadas al clima. Esta condición las hace particularmente susceptibles al cambio climático. Nosotros estudiamos los cambios espacio-temporales de un grupo focal de 12 especies de orquídeas típicas del Bs-T en Colombia y las futuras áreas de conservación de este ecosistema. El algoritmo usado por MaxEnt fue empleado para el modelamiento. Un total de 439 registros: observaciones directas (276); registros de herbario (159) y fuentes bibliográficas (4), colectadas desde septiembre de 2009 hasta abril 2015 fueron consideradas para entrenar el modelo. El nicho potencial actual fue comparado con el escenario de emisiones de cambio climático SRES 8.5 para dos periodos: 2020-2049 (2030) y 2040-2069 (2050). Los resultados indican un desplazamiento altitudinal respecto al presente, condicionado por variables como: temperatura, accesibilidad, y precipitación. Las áreas de montaña media (1300-1700 m) incrementarán su idoneidad en los modelos de nicho potencial futuro (2030 y 2050) en detrimento de las tierras bajas (0-1000 m). Otras variables analizadas como umbrales de distancia en polinizadores (Euglossini), disponibilidad de forófitos, distancias a coberturas de Bs-T y áreas protegidas, sugieren mejorar la conectividad entre tierras bajas y áreas de montaña media. En consecuencia, los nichos bioclimáticos (BN) son propuestos como nueva unidad 18 LANKESTERIANA de manejo del paisaje. En todo el país, 69 de ellos fueron localizados como estrategia de adaptación-conservación frente al cambio climático ...

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“…It has also been suggested that the goods and services that dry forests provide are significantly different from those of humid forests, thus requiring different approaches to management and conservation (Wunder 2001;Makonda and Gillah 2007;Gumbo et al 2010). Nevertheless, in both natural and social science, the focus of much forest-based discussion and research remains on humid forests (see, for example, Sánchez-Azofeifa et al 2005;Malmer and Nyberg 2008).…”

Section: Why Focus On Dry Forests?mentioning

confidence: 99%