Erratum: 200<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>A</mml:mi></mml:math>GeV<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>Au</mml:mi><mml:mo mathvariant="bold">+</mml:mo><mml:mi>Au</mml:mi></mml:math>Collisions Serve a Nearly Perfect Quark-Gluon Liquid [Phys. Rev. Lett.<b>106</b>, 192301 (2011)]

Song, Huichao; Bass, Steffen A.; Heinz, Ulrich; Hirano, Tetsufumi; Shen, Chun

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.109.139904

Cited by 323 publications

(436 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The experiments at the RHIC and the LHC have demonstrated that a stage of partonic matter is produced in these reactions which is in an approximate equilibrium for a couple of fm/c [1,2]. Due to the non-perturbative and non-equilibrium nature of relativistic nuclear reaction systems, their theoretical description is based on a variety of effective approaches ranging from hydrodynamic models with different initial conditions [3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12] to various kinetic approaches [13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21] or different types of hybrid models [22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29]. In the latter hybrid approaches the initial state models are followed by an ideal or viscous hydro phase which after hadronic freeze-out is followed up by a hadronic transport approach to take care of the final elastic and inelastic hadronic reactions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of the initial size of spatial fluctuations on the collective flow in Pb–Pb collisions at $\sqrt{{{s}_{{\rm NN}}}}$ = 2.76 TeV

Konchakovski¹,

Cassing²,

Тонеев³

2015

J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys.

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Abstract. The Parton-Hadron-String-Dynamics (PHSD) transport model is used to study the influence of the initial size of spatial fluctuations of the interacting system on flow observables in Pb-Pb collisions at √ s N N = 2.76 TeV for different centralities. While the flow coefficients v 2 , v 3 , v 4 and v 5 are reasonably described in comparison to the data from the ALICE Collaboration for different centralities within the default setting, no essential sensitivity is found with respect to the initial size of spatial fluctuations even for very central collisions where the flow coefficients are dominated by the size of initial state fluctuations. We attribute this lack of sensitivity partly to the low interaction rate of the degrees-of-freedom in this very early phase of order ∼ 0.3 fm/c which is also in common with the weakly interacting color glass condensate (CGC) or glasma approach. Moreover, since the event shape in the transverse plane is approximately the same for different size of spatial fluctuations very similar eccentricities ǫ n are transformed to roughly the same flow coefficients v n in momentum space.PACS numbers: 24.85.+p, 12.38.Mh

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of the initial size of spatial fluctuations on the collective flow in Pb–Pb collisions at $\sqrt{{{s}_{{\rm NN}}}}$ = 2.76 TeV

Konchakovski¹,

Cassing²,

Тонеев³

2015

J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys.

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“…Event-by-event flow fluctuations and additional non-flow correlations influence the elliptic flow v 2 derived from different such measures in different ways [22][23][24][25] and affect the magnitude of the extracted flow. This has serious implications for the determination of the quark-gluon plasma shear viscosity from elliptic flow data [5,6]: quantitatively trustworthy results require a detailed understanding of the spectrum of fluctuations of the anisotropic flow coefficients in the experimentally observed final state and its relation to the fluctuations of the corresponding moments of the initial eccentricity distributions that are believed to drive the flows measured by various different methods. In addition, widely held beliefs as to which moments of the initial eccentricity distribution are directly related to which moments of the final flow distribution [17,21,26] must be tested by generating the final states hydrodyamically event by event, i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In hydrodynamic language, viscous pressure components inhibit the development of flow anisotropies and tend to smoothen irregularities in the flow distribution. By measuring the flow anisotropies and relating them to the initial geometric deformations (as calculated from theoretical models for the collision geometry) one can, in principle, determine the fluid's viscosity experimentally [2][3][4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…II) [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Eventby-event fluctuations in the initial state were only treated on average, by taking into account their effects on the average eccentricity of an ensemble of events [5,6,[11][12][13] and then propagating a smooth initial density profile corresponding to that ensemble average hydrodynamically. In this way one can only compute the average elliptic flow, but not its fluctuations from event to event [14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Event-by-event shape and flow fluctuations of relativistic heavy-ion collision fireballs

2011

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Heavy-ion collisions create deformed quark-gluon plasma (QGP) fireballs which explode anisotropically. The viscosity of the fireball matter determines its ability to convert the initial spatial deformation into momentum anisotropies that can be measured in the final hadron spectra. A quantitatively precise empirical extraction of the QGP viscosity thus requires a good understanding of the initial fireball deformation. This deformation fluctuates from event to event, and so does the finally observed momentum anisotropy. We present a harmonic decomposition of the initial fluctuations in shape and orientation of the fireball and perform event-by-event (2+1)-dimensional ideal fluid dynamical simulations to extract the resulting fluctuations in the magnitude and direction of the corresponding harmonic components of the final anisotropic flow at midrapidity. The final harmonic flow coefficients are found to depend non-linearly on the initial harmonic eccentricity coefficients. We show that, on average, initial density fluctuations suppress the buildup of elliptic flow relative to what one obtains from a smooth initial profile of the same eccentricity, and discuss implications for the phenomenological extraction of the QGP shear viscosity from experimental elliptic flow data.

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“…The bulk behavior (related to low transverse momentum particles) of the plasma is described with increasing precision using relativistic viscous fluid dynamics [3][4][5][6]; however, a detailed quantitative picture of the microscopic dynamics that is the cause of the evidently hydrodynamic behavior remains elusive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multistage Monte Carlo simulation of jet modification in a static medium

Cao¹,

Park²,

Barbieri³

et al. 2017

Phys. Rev. C

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The modification of hard jets in an extended static medium held at a fixed temperature is studied using three different Monte-Carlo event generators (LBT, MATTER, MARTINI). Each event generator contains a different set of assumptions regarding the energy and virtuality of the partons within a jet versus the energy scale of the medium, and hence, applies to a different epoch in the space-time history of the jet evolution. For the first time, modeling is developed where a jet may sequentially transition from one generator to the next, on a parton-by-parton level, providing a detailed simulation of the space-time evolution of medium modified jets over a much broader dynamic range than has been attempted previously in a single calculation. Comparisons are carried out for different observables sensitive to jet quenching, including the parton fragmentation function and the azimuthal distribution of jet energy around the jet axis. The effect of varying the boundary between different generators is studied and a theoretically motivated criterion for the location of this boundary is proposed. The importance of such an approach with coupled generators to the modeling of jet quenching is discussed.

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Erratum: 200AGeVAu+AuCollisions Serve a Nearly Perfect Quark-Gluon Liquid [Phys. Rev. Lett.106, 192301 (2011)]

Cited by 323 publications

References 5 publications

Impact of the initial size of spatial fluctuations on the collective flow in Pb–Pb collisions at $\sqrt{{{s}_{{\rm NN}}}}$ = 2.76 TeV

Impact of the initial size of spatial fluctuations on the collective flow in Pb–Pb collisions at $\sqrt{{{s}_{{\rm NN}}}}$ = 2.76 TeV

Event-by-event shape and flow fluctuations of relativistic heavy-ion collision fireballs

Multistage Monte Carlo simulation of jet modification in a static medium

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