Erratic Oviposition and Egg Defects in Broiler-type Pullets

Jaap, R. George; Muir, F. V.

doi:10.3382/ps.0470417

Cited by 105 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…These intense selections for meat production traits have negatively affected the reproductive performance of broiler breeder parent stock [1] while resulting in an increased appetite [2] because of changes in appetite control [3]. In addition, as geneticists continue their selection programs for increased growth rate, the negative relationship between growth and reproductive performance will continue to be magnified [4,5]. This results in a continued management problem for the commercial broiler industry.…”

Section: Description Of Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sperm production and testicular development of broiler breeder males reared on shortened growth cycles

Moyle¹,

Yoho²,

Whipple³

et al. 2012

Journal of Applied Poultry Research

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Primary Audience: Broiler Breeder Managers, Flock Supervisors, Researchers SUMMARYFeed restriction is an important tool used in the rearing of broiler breeders to control growth and maintain BW. Feed restriction during the growing phase typically provides 60 to 80% less feed than the birds would consume if provided feed ad libitum, resulting in a perceived animal welfare issue. Because males are typically more rigorously feed restricted than females, this is thought to be especially stressful to the growing cockerels. During this time, the reproductive systems of the males are undergoing formative stages, and improper management can have lifelong effects on their reproductive performance. Therefore, the objective of this study was to rear males under feed management programs that would require less severe feed restriction while still rearing replacement breeder males to the recommended target BW of 3.060 kg at 24, 21, 18, 15, and 12 wk of age, respectively. Males were placed at 3-wk intervals so that all males were light stimulated on the same calendar date and at the same time and BW but at different ages. A total of 5 treatment groups were used, based on age of the male at light stimulation. All males were reared in the same light-controlled house at the University of Arkansas Research Farm. Males were light stimulated and testicular development, semen analysis, fertility, and mating activity were recorded for each group of males. To measure semen production, males were housed in individual cages, with 24 males from each treatment group tested. Males light stimulated at 18 wk of age had the highest semen volume (0.46 mL), followed by males light stimulated at 24 (0.31 mL), 15 (0.29 mL), 21 (0.27 mL) and 12 wk of age (0.27 mL), respectively. Sperm count per ejaculate was highest for the males light stimulated at 18 wk of age, followed by males light stimulated at 21, 24, 15, and 12 wk of age, respectively. Males that were 21 wk of age or older at the time of light stimulation responded quicker to light stimulation than did younger males.

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Section: Description Of Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sperm production and testicular development of broiler breeder males reared on shortened growth cycles

Moyle¹,

Yoho²,

Whipple³

et al. 2012

Journal of Applied Poultry Research

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“…In addition, it is well known that the incidence of DY eggs is higher during the onset of egg production. Jaap and Muir (1968) …”

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confidence: 99%

“…In addition, it is well known that the incidence of DY eggs is higher during the onset of egg production. Jaap and Muir (1968) estimated that DY eggs represented 5-12.5% of production from broiler breeder hens during the first 3 mo of lay. At present, in Western Canada, it is common for producers to see a 4% incidence of DY eggs as the flocks come into lay.…”

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confidence: 99%

An examination of fertility, hatchability, embryo mortality, and chick weight in double versus single-yolked broiler breeder eggs

Fasenko¹,

Robinson²,

Danforth³

et al. 2000

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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fertility, hatchability, embryo mortality, and chick weight in double versus single-yolked broiler breeder eggs. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 80: [489][490][491][492][493]. The objective of this study was to document the fertility and embryonic mortality problems that result in the poor hatchability of double yolk (DY) versus (single yolk) SY broiler breeder eggs. Both SY (n = 64) and DY (n = 141) eggs were collected from a commercial Hubbard Hi-Y flock and the eggs incubated for 21 d. All eggs were candled and weighed at 7, 14 and 18 d, and any non-viable eggs were removed and broken open to assess fertility, and if fertile, stage of embryonic death. Any unhatched eggs remaining after 21 d of incubation were broken open so that fertility, hatchability and embryo mortality could be calculated. Because there is the potential for two chicks to hatch from a DY egg, fertility, hatchability, and embryo mortality were calculated on a per yolk basis rather than an egg basis. Fertility, hatchability, and hatchability of fertile eggs were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in DY compared to SY eggs. Early-(≤ 7 d of incubation), mid (8-14 d of incubation), and late (≥15 d of incubation) embryonic mortality was significantly higher in DY vs. SY eggs. Chick body weights were significantly greater in solitary chicks hatching from DY eggs versus chicks hatching from SY eggs. Mots clés: Jaune double, mortalité embryonnaire, reproducteur chair, poids du poussin, éclosabilité As early as 1940, it was recognized that the production of DY eggs was the result of an abnormally functioning ovary (Conrad and Warren 1940). Conrad and Warren (1940) reported that there are three main causes of DY eggs. The majority of DY eggs (about 65%) occur when there is simultaneous development (maturation) and ovulation of two ova on the ovary. Smaller proportions of DY eggs (about 25%) are produced when a premature ovum, 1 d behind the development of a mature ovum, ovulates at the same time as the mature ovum. The remaining DY eggs (about 10%) occur due to the ovulation of a mature ovum and an ovum that should have been ovulated the day before, or the ovulation of a mature ovum along with the capture of an ovum that was ovulated into the body cavity the previous day.In broiler breeders, there is a negative correlation between body weight and reproductive ability (Robinson et al. 1993). Broiler breeders that are not on strict feed restriction programs during the rearing and breeding periods become overweight and produce significantly more multiple-yolked eggs, which therefore decreases the number of settable eggs (Yu et al. 1992). In addition, it is well known that the incidence of DY eggs is higher during the onset of egg production. Jaap and Muir (1968)

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“…Reproductive anomalies seen in adlibitum-fed hens include follicular atresia, internal ovulation, internal laying, the production of softshelled or membranous eggs, the production of multiple-yolked eggs, reduced duration of fertility or combinations of the above (Jaap and Muir 1968;van Middelkoop 1971van Middelkoop ,1972Hocking et al 1987Hocking et al , 1989Katanbaf et al 1989b). Robinson et al (1990) determined from oviposition records as described earlier (Robinson et al 1990 (Joyner et al 1985).…”

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confidence: 99%

Reproductive performance, growth rate and body composition of full-fed versus feed-restricted broiler breeder hens

Robinson¹,

Robinson²,

Scott³

1991

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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Erratic Oviposition and Egg Defects in Broiler-type Pullets

Cited by 105 publications

References 6 publications

Sperm production and testicular development of broiler breeder males reared on shortened growth cycles

Sperm production and testicular development of broiler breeder males reared on shortened growth cycles

An examination of fertility, hatchability, embryo mortality, and chick weight in double versus single-yolked broiler breeder eggs

Reproductive performance, growth rate and body composition of full-fed versus feed-restricted broiler breeder hens

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