Errata to Discussion on the Effects of Temperature on Thermal Properties in the Steam-Assisted-Gravity-Drainage (SAGD) Process. Part 1: Thermal Conductivity

Irani, Mazda; Cokar, Marya

doi:10.2118/178426-er

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Thermal energy moves via conduction between the two wellbores (Irani and Cokar 2016). Once thermal and hydraulic communication between the two wellbores is established, true SAGD begins.…”

Section: Overview Of Steam-assisted Gravity Drainagementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In these cases, an uneven profile is generated by difference in horizontal and/or vertical permeability distribution (Al-Khelaiwi et al 2010;Baker et al 2008;Nasr et al 2000;Yang and Butler 1992), variations in porosity (Llaguno et al 2002), water saturation heterogeneity (Baker et al 2008), variations in the distance between the wellbore(s) and fluid contacts (Al-Khelaiwi et al 2010;Baker et al 2008;Edmunds and Chhina 2001), variations in localized reservoir pressure (Al-Khelaiwi et al 2010;Tabatabaei and Ghalambor 2011), changes in capillary pressure and relative permeability along the wellbore (Wang and Leung 2015), localized skin damage or fractures (Furui et al 2005;Tam et al 2013), changes in mineralogy or wettability (Ipek et al 2008;Le Ravalec et al 2009;Pooladi-Darvish and Mattar 2002), changes in thermal properties (Bois and Mainguy 2011;Irani and Cokar 2016), changes in fluid density, viscosity, or both Larter et al 2008), and the presence or absence of in-situ emulsifiers that blend reservoir and/or introduced fluids into (Ezeuko et al 2013). With the exceptional of geospatial heterogeneity, like variations in the distance between wellbore(s) and fluid contacts, these root causes serve to change the local mobility ratio.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Design of flow control devices in steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) completion

Banerjee

Hasçakir

2017

J Petrol Explor Prod Technol

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Commercialization of the steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) process has made recovery of heavy oil/bitumen possible in a number of reservoirs hindered by hydrocarbon immobility. However, the economics of this process are highly sensitive to the efficiency of steam creation, delivery, and use, with a successful and unsuccessful SAGD well pair often separated by how effectively thermal inefficiencies can be mitigated in the flow profiles of steam injection and/or in emulsion recovery. To improve flow profiles, Albertan SAGD completions have experimented with the addition of flow control devices (FCDs). These completion tools have historically been used to regulate liquid inflow across long producing laterals, adding a variable pressure drop along the lateral to improve the conformance of hydrocarbon production and delay water breakthrough; within SAGD completions, FCDs find novel use to force a more even flow distribution of steam in the injector and a thermally dependent inflow profile in the producer to maximize recovery of heavy oil/bitumen. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of different FCD designs, discussing their respective methods of regulation, the fluid-adaptive behavior of ''autonomous'' FCDs, operational strengths and weaknesses of different commercial offerings, and suggestions on how to use existing pressure loss models for FCDs and apply them to the non-traditional application of regulating SAGD flow profiles, both for equipment sizing and estimation of pressure loss/flow rates across the device. From this work, it is proposed that use of autonomous FCDs in the production lateral are of greater value than use of flow control in the injector; however maximum benefits are achieved by coupling simple orifice-style FCDs in the injector lateral with autonomous, large flow path (nonorifice) FCDs capable of controlling steam flash events in the production well.

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“…Thermal energy moves via conduction between the two wellbores (Irani and Cokar 2016). Once thermal and hydraulic communication between the two wellbores is established, true SAGD begins.…”

Section: Overview Of Steam-assisted Gravity Drainagementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of flow control devices in steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) completion

Banerjee

Hasçakir

2017

J Petrol Explor Prod Technol

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“…Thermal energy moves via conduction between the two wellbores (Irani and Cokar 2016). Once thermal and hydraulic communication between the two wellbores is established ( Figure 3B), true SAGD begins.…”

Section: The Effects Of Non-conformance On Sagd Economicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…horizontal and/or vertical permeability distribution (Al-Khelaiwi et al 2010;Baker et al 2008;Nasr et al 2000;Yang and Butler 1992), variations in porosity (Llaguno et al 2002), water saturation heterogeneity/characteristics (Baker et al 2008), variations in the distance between the wellbore(s) and fluid contacts (Al-Khelaiwi et al 2010;Baker et al 2008;Edmunds and Chhina 2001), variations in localized reservoir pressure (Al-Khelaiwi et al 2010;Tabatabaei and Ghalambor 2011), changes in capillary pressure and relative permeability along the wellbore (Wang and Leung 2015), localized skin damage or fractures (Furui et al 2003;Tam et al 2013), changes in mineralogy or wettability (Ipek et al 2008;Le Ravalec et al 2009;Pooladi-Darvish and Mattar 2002), changes in temperature (Bois and Mainguy 2011;Irani and Cokar 2016), changes in fluid density, viscosity, or both Larter et al 2008), or the presence or absence of insitu emulsifiers that blend reservoir and/or introduced fluids into something novel (Ezeuko et al 2013).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Flow Control Devices in SAGD Completion Design: Enhanced Heavy Oil/Bitumen Recovery Through Improved Thermal Efficiencies

Banerjee

Hasçakir

2017

SPE Western Regional Meeting

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The volume of heavy oil/bitumen recoverable worldwide is vast in quantity but difficult and energy intensive to extract due to the high in-situ oil viscosity of these unconventional plays. One method of thermal recovery, steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD), has proven a commercial success in heavy oil/bitumen production by using steam to raise the temperature of heavy oil/bitumen in the reservoir with a resulting lower hydrocarbon viscosity, shifting the relative mobility of reservoir oil to one favorable for extraction via horizontal wells.However, geological and reservoir heterogeneity often complicate this task resulting in uneven production rates, higher operational costs, and stranded heavy oil/bitumen. This work theorizes that SAGD recovery is improved using flow control devices (FCDs) to force conformance in SAGD laterals. To test this theory, a novel protocol and test flow loop was developed to measure pressure drop across an autonomous hybrid FCD while flowing multiphase mixtures containing steam. This laboratory data was used to qualify existing pressure drop correlations and determine if nitrogen gas, a common test gas to describe FCD pressure drop response, creates suitable data for modeling steam systems. Finally, the flow loop was used to induce a steam "flash", a transition of water at saturation temperature to vapor due to a suddenly decreased pressure

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“…The theory of SAGD was founded in the 1980s by engineer Butler whose concept of gravity flooding promoted the development of heavy oil production, and the SAGD technology of dual horizontal well was successfully tested for the first time, accelerating the development and application of SAGD technology (Butler, 1994). The SAGD technology mainly makes use of the heat released by the high-temperature steam of the upper horizontal injection well to transfer and exchange heat with the reservoir (Reis, 1992;Zhao et al, 2014), forming a steam chamber to deliver heat to the reservoir, then the heated heavy oil flows to the bottom well by gravity (Akin, 2006;Irani and Cokar, 2016;Ji et al, 2015;Jia et al, 2019). However, this technique also has some defects, including that high consumption of steam, serious heat loss, and incomplete steam chamber development, which restricts the oil recovery factor (Lawal, 2014;Li et al, 2013;Shin and Polikar, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D experimental investigation on enhanced oil recovery by flue gas assisted steam assisted gravity drainage

Tao

Yuan

Huang

et al. 2021

Energy Exploration & Exploitation

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Flue gas assisted steam assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) is a frontier technology to enhance oil recovery for heavy oil reservoirs. The carbon dioxide generated from the thermal recovery of heavy oil can be utilized and consumed to mitigate climate warming for the world. However, most studies are limited to merely use numerical simulation or small physical simulation device and hardly focus on large scale three-dimensions experiment, which cannot fully investigate the enhanced oil recovery (EOR) mechanism of flue gas assisted SAGD, thus the effect of flue gas on SAGD production performance is still not very clear. In this paper, large-scaled and high temperature and pressure resistant 3D physical simulation experiment was conducted, where simulated the real reservoir to a maximum extent, and systematically explored the EOR mechanisms of the flue gas assisted SAGD. Furthermore, the differences between the steam huff and puff, SAGD and flue gas assisted SAGD are discussed. The experimental result showed that the production effect of SAGD was improved by injecting flue gas, with the oil recovery was increased by 5.7%. With the help of thermocouple temperature measuring sensors, changes of temperature field display that flue gas can promote lateral re-development of the steam chamber, and the degree of reservoir exploitation around the horizontal wells has been increased particularly. What’s more, the addition of flue gas further increased the content of light components and decreased the content of heavy by comparing the content of heavy oil components produced in different production times.

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Errata to Discussion on the Effects of Temperature on Thermal Properties in the Steam-Assisted-Gravity-Drainage (SAGD) Process. Part 1: Thermal Conductivity

Cited by 10 publications

References 41 publications

Design of flow control devices in steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) completion

Design of flow control devices in steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) completion

Flow Control Devices in SAGD Completion Design: Enhanced Heavy Oil/Bitumen Recovery Through Improved Thermal Efficiencies

3D experimental investigation on enhanced oil recovery by flue gas assisted steam assisted gravity drainage

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