ERP evidence that auditory–visual speech facilitates working memory in younger and older adults.

Frtusova, Jana B.; Winneke, Axel H.; Phillips, Natalie A.

doi:10.1037/a0031243

Cited by 47 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Study 3 also showed that CSC was enhanced by the presence of visual cues in quiet for older adults with hearing loss. Enhanced CSC in the presence of visual cues suggests that even in quiet the older adults with hearing loss used their cognitive resources for speech understanding (Stenfelt and Rönnberg, 2009;Mattys et al 2012) and the presence of visual cues helped to reduce the cognitive demands of listening (Frtusova et al, 2013).This finding is also supportive of ARCM hypothesis suggesting that the older adults used visual cues to enhance CSC. The results of Studies 1 and 2 demonstrated that the CSC of the young adults was reduced in the presence of visual cues when compared to the A-only condition.…”

Section: Effect Of Visual Cues On Cognitive Spare Capacitysupporting

confidence: 77%

“…Hence, the starting point for this thesis was that CSC is reduced in the presence of noise and with hearing loss. On the other hand, cognitive demands for speech understanding are reduced by the presence of visual cues especially in noise (Frtusova, Winneke & Phillips 2013). Thus, CSC is likely to be enhanced by presence of visual cues.…”

Section: Cognitive Spare Capacitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besle, Fort, Delpeuch and Giard (2004) in an electrophysiological study confirmed that the AV presentation decreased neural activity for young adults compared to A-only and visual-only when syllables were used as stimuli. Similarly, Frtusova, et al (2013) demonstrated that the presence of visual cues improves behavioural performance on a working memory task demanding involvement of executive functions for both younger and older adults. Furthermore, older adults also showed decreased neural activation with visual cues, indicating a processing benefit in terms of less cognitive resources used in the presence of visual cues.…”

Section: Visual Cuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exploring Cognitive Spare Capacity : Executive Processing of Degraded Speech

Mishra¹

2014

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Cognitive resources, specifically working memory capacity are used for listening to speech, especially in noise. Cognitive resources are limited, and if listeners allocate a greater share of these resources to recovering the input signal in noise, fewer resources are available for interpreting and encoding its linguistic content. Although the importance of CSC for individual success in communicative situations has been acknowledged, this concept has not hitherto been explored experimentally. In this thesis, a CSC test (CSCT) was developed and administered to young adults with normal hearing and older adults with age-related hearing loss. CSCT required executive processing of speech at different memory loads with and without visual cues in different noise conditions. A free recall task using the same material was administered for comparison purposes and a battery of cognitive tests was administered to understand the relation between CSC and established cognitive concepts. The aims of the thesis were to investigate how CSC is influenced by 1) different executive demands and memory loads; 2) background noise; 3) visual cues; 4) aging and concomitant hearing loss. The results showed that 1) CSC was sensitive to memory load, and updating demands reduced CSC more than inhibition demands; 2) CSC was reduced in background noise compared to quiet; 3) visual cues enhanced CSC especially in noise; 4) CSC was reduced with ageing and concomitant hearing loss especially when visual cues were absent, memory demands were increased and background noise was speech-like. The main finding of this thesis was that visual cues enhanced CSC for older individuals with hearing loss, specifically in adverse listening conditions. This demonstrates the importance of audiovisual testing in audiological assessment. Further, specific cognitive resources depleted during listening in noise were at least partially compensated by other cognitive functions. This thesis is the first step towards a theoretical understanding of CSC and in future, tests of CSC may play a crucial role in planning rehabilitation of persons with hearing loss.

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Section: Effect Of Visual Cues On Cognitive Spare Capacitysupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Cognitive Spare Capacitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Visual Cuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exploring Cognitive Spare Capacity : Executive Processing of Degraded Speech

Mishra¹

2014

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“…Three hypotheses have been proposed to explain the mechanisms underlying age-related deterioration in speech perception with background noise: peripheral hearing, central processing, and cognitive ability [1,4]. Indeed, various studies have shown that each of these abilities is related to speech perception under background noise conditions [2,3,5,6,7], and that, jointly, they can explain at least part of the variance in aging adults' speech perception in noisy situations [8,9,10]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Age and Type of Noise on Speech Perception under Conditions of Changing Context and Noise Levels

Taitelbaum-Swead

Fostick²

2016

Folia Phoniatr Logop

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Objective: Everyday life includes fluctuating noise levels, resulting in continuously changing speech intelligibility. The study aims were: (1) to quantify the amount of decrease in age-related speech perception, as a result of increasing noise level, and (2) to test the effect of age on context usage at the word level (smaller amount of contextual cues). Patients and Methods: A total of 24 young adults (age 20-30 years) and 20 older adults (age 60-75 years) were tested. Meaningful and nonsense one-syllable consonant-vowel-consonant words were presented with the background noise types of speech noise (SpN), babble noise (BN), and white noise (WN), with a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 0 and -5 dB. Results: Older adults had lower accuracy in SNR = 0, with WN being the most difficult condition for all participants. Measuring the change in speech perception when SNR decreased showed a reduction of 18.6-61.5% in intelligibility, with age effect only for BN. Both young and older adults used less phonemic context with WN, as compared to other conditions. Conclusion: Older adults are more affected by an increasing noise level of fluctuating informational noise as compared to steady-state noise. They also use less contextual cues when perceiving monosyllabic words. Further studies should take into consideration that when presenting the stimulus differently (change in noise level, less contextual cues), other perceptual and cognitive processes are involved.

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“…Mishra et al (2013) showed that the association of visual cues with auditory speech stimuli reduces the cognitive demands on speech perception under degraded listening. Independent studies support the view that audiovisual presentation reduces cognitive demands in the processing of speech stimuli (Frtusova, Winneke, & Phillips, 2013;Pichora-Fuller, 1996). Gosselin and Gagné (2011) showed that aging is a key variable in the impact of audiovisual presentation on listening effort.…”

Section: The Role Of Explicit Cognitive Functioning In the Recognitiomentioning

confidence: 77%

Time is of the essence in speech perception! : Get it fast, or think about it

Moradi¹

2014

Studies From the Swedish Institute for Disability Research

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Speech recognition occurs when attending to speech stimuli in auditory, visual, or audiovisual modalities under optimum (e.g., in silence) or degraded listening conditions (i.e., in background noise or in individuals with hearing impairment). The present thesis contains details of the first study to show how background noise (steady-state white noise) delayed the identification of different types of speech stimuli (consonants, words, and final words in sentence) in auditory and audiovisual modalities by calculating the isolation points (IPs, the shortest time from the onset of an speech stimulus required for correct identification of that speech stimulus). The cognitive demands of perceiving speech stimuli under each type of listening condition (silence vs. noise) were also tested by measuring the correlations between IPs of each type of speech stimulus (in each type of listening condition) and tests of working memory capacity (i.e., the reading span test, Rönnberg, Arlinger, Lyxell, & Kinnefors, 1989) and attentional capacity (i.e., the Paced Auditory Serial Attention Gronwall, 1977). In addition, the speechreading of words in both silent and noisy (babble background noise and steady-state white noise) conditions was also investigated in above-average speechreaders. The present thesis also compared elderly hearing-aid (EHA) users and elderly normal-hearing (ENH) individuals, in terms of IPs and accuracy in the identification of different types of speech stimuli in silence. Furthermore, the extent to which the identification of auditory speech stimuli was cognitively demanding (for both EHA users and ENH individuals) was investigated by measuring the correlations between IPs and accuracies of different types of speech stimuli and working memory capacity.The results showed that background noise resulted in later IPs (in the auditory and audiovisual modalities) and reduced accuracy (in the auditory, visual, and audiovisual modalities). In visual speech recognition (speechreading), the adverse effect of noise on accuracy was dependent on the type of background noise: babble background noise reduced accuracy but the steady-state white noise did not. In addition, the audiovisual presentation of speech stimuli, relative to auditory presentation, resulted in earlier IPs and more accurate identification of speech stimuli in both silence and noise. In the silent condition, the IPs for perceiving different types of auditory and audiovisual speech stimuli were not correlated with performance on the tests of working memory and attention. In the noise condition, the IPs of consonants and words in the auditory-only condition were significantly correlated with tests for measuring explicit cognitive resources. Furthermore, there was a significant correlation between the results on a test of speech-in-noise performance (the HINT, Hällgren, Larsby, & Arlinger, 2006) and the results on tests of working memory (the reading span test, Rönnberg et al., 1989) and attention (PASAT, Gronwall, 1977). A secondary finding was that ...

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ERP evidence that auditory–visual speech facilitates working memory in younger and older adults.

Cited by 47 publications

References 54 publications

Exploring Cognitive Spare Capacity : Executive Processing of Degraded Speech

Exploring Cognitive Spare Capacity : Executive Processing of Degraded Speech

The Effect of Age and Type of Noise on Speech Perception under Conditions of Changing Context and Noise Levels

Time is of the essence in speech perception! : Get it fast, or think about it

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