ERP correlates of conscious error recognition: aware and unaware errors in an antisaccade task

Endraß, Tanja; Reuter, Benedikt; Kathmann, Norbert

doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2007.05785.x

Cited by 255 publications

(288 citation statements)

References 30 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

245

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Hewig et al, 2011;Navarro-Cebrian & Kayser, 2013;Roger, Benar, Vidal, Hasbroucq, & Burle, 2010;Scheffers & Coles, 2000;Shalgi & Deouell, 2012;Wessel, Danielmeier, Morton, & Ullsperger, 2012), it contradicts the traditional view that ERN is related to implicit but not to explicit error awareness (e.g. Ehlis, Herrmann, Bernhard, & Fallgatter, 2005;Endrass et al, 2005Endrass et al, , 2007Hester, Foxe, Molholm, Shpaner, & Garavana, 2005;Hughes & Yeung, 2011;Nieuwenhuis et al, 2001;O'Connell et al, 2007;Overbeek et al, 2005;Steinhauser & Yeung, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Corrected errors were also associated with a significant positivity peaking at 113ms after the key-press. This post-ERN positivity is considered to be the early Pe (Endrass et al, 2007;O'Connell et al, 2007;van Veen & Carter, 2002) based on its tight temporal coupling to ERN, topography, onset and dipole location, rather than the late Pe which is a centro-parietal ERP component shown to be functionally dissociable from the ERN (see Endrass, Klawohn, Preuss, & Kathmann, 2012;Endrass et al, 2007). Uncorrected errors were associated with a brief but significant negativity compared to matched correct key-presses between 63ms and 55ms before the error.…”

Section: Behavioural Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, many other studies show no relationship between ERN and error awareness (e.g. Endrass, Franke, & Kathmann, 2005;Endrass, Reuter, & Kathmann, 2007;Gehring & Fencsik, 2001;Nieuwenhuis, Ridderinkhof, Blom, Band, & Kok, 2001;O'Connell et al, 2007). Presence of a large number of studies failing to find a relationship between error awareness and ERN amplitude naturally leads to the conclusion that ERN is not strongly linked to conscious error awareness (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Frontal theta band oscillations predict error correction and posterror slowing in typing.

Kalfaoğlu

Stafford

Milne

2018

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Performance errors are associated with robust behavioural and EEG effects. However, there is a debate about the nature of the relationship between these effects and implicit vs. explicit error awareness. Our aim was to study the relationship between error related electrophysiological effects, such as spectral perturbations in fronto-medial theta band oscillations (FMT), and error awareness in typing. Typing has an advantage as an experimental paradigm in that detected errors are quickly and habitually signalled by the participant using backspace, allowing separation of detected from undetected errors without interruption in behaviour. Typing is thought to be controlled hierarchically via inner and outer loops, which rely on different sources for error detection. Touch-typist participants were asked to copy-type 100 sentences as EEG was recorded in the absence of visual feedback. Continuous EEG data were analysed using independent component analysis (ICA). Time-frequency and ERP analyses were applied to emergent independent components. The results show that single-trial FMT parameters and Error Related Negativity (ERN) amplitude predict overt, adaptive post-error actions such as error correction via backspace; and, post-error slowing after errors, reflecting implicit error awareness. In addition, we found that those uncorrected errors which were slowed down the most were also the ones associated with a high level of FMT activity. Our results as a whole show that FMT are related to neural mechanism involved in explicit awareness of errors, and input from inner loop is sufficient for error correction in typing. Public SignificanceWe investigated the patterns of brain activity which precede errors and error-correction during skilled typing. This is interesting because it tests how theories of action and error-monitoring apply in a domain where actions are made extremely rapidly (up to ten keys per second). Electroencephalography (EEG) allows us to identify signature changes which have previously been associated with error-related processes in the brain. We showed that two of these signature patterns, the "error related negativity" (ERN) and "fronto-medial theta band oscillations" (FMT), both predict whether a typist is likely to notice and correct an error they make, as well as predicting how much typing slows down after an uncorrected error. The results support the idea -which has been contested -that the ERN reflects our explicit recognition that we have made a mistake.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Behavioural Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Frontal theta band oscillations predict error correction and posterror slowing in typing.

Kalfaoğlu

Stafford

Milne

2018

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Some studies find similar neural correlated for reported and non-reported errors (Nieuwenhuis et al, 2001;Endrass et al, 2007Endrass et al, , 2012O'Connell et al, 2007;Shalgi et al, 2009;Hester et al, 2005Hester et al, , 2009Klein et al, 2007), whereas other studies find different neural correlates for aware and unaware errors (Steinhauser and Yeung, 2010;Wessel et al, 2011;Shalgi and Deouell, 2012). It must be considered, however, that most of these studies are limited to the cortical electrophysiology of error reactivity -behavioral adjustments have not been considered.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Posterror speeding after threat-detection failure.

Caudek¹,

Ceccarini²,

Sica³

2015

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cognitive control enables individuals to rapidly adapt to changing task demands.To investigate error-driven adjustments in cognitive control, we considered performance changes in post-error trials, when participants performed a visual search task requiring to detect angry, happy, or neutral facial expressions in crowds of faces. We hypothesized that the failure to detect a potential threat (angry face) would prompt a different post-error adjustment than the failure to detect a nonthreatening target (happy or neutral face). Indeed, in three sets of experiments we found evidence of post-error speeding, in the first case, and of post-error slowing, in the second. Previous results indicate that a threatening stimulus can improve the efficiency of visual search. The results of the present study show that a similar effect can also be observed when participants fail to detect a threat.The impact of threat-detection failure on cognitive control, as revealed by the present study, suggests that post-error adjustments should be understood as the product of domain-specific mechanisms that are strongly influenced by affective information, rather than as the effect of a general-purpose error-monitoring system. 1

show abstract

“…Antisaccades require one to inhibit the prepotent response of looking toward a suddenly appearing stimulus and to look instead in the opposite direction. Antisaccade errors (i.e., looking toward the stimulus) reliably elicit both dACC activation (14,25) and the ERN (26)(27)(28)(29). We estimated the source of the ERN from the combined EEG and MEG data.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Multimodal neuroimaging dissociates hemodynamic and electrophysiological correlates of error processing

Agam

Hämäläinen

Lee

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

103

108

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Recognizing errors and adjusting responses are fundamental to adaptive behavior. The error-related negativity (ERN) and errorrelated functional MRI (fMRI) activation of the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) index these processes and are thought to reflect the same neural mechanism. In the present study, we evaluated this hypothesis. Although errors elicited robust dACC activation using fMRI, combined electroencephalography and magnetoencephalography data localized the ERN to the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC). ERN amplitude correlated with fMRI activation in both the PCC and dACC, and these two regions showed coordinated activity based on functional connectivity MRI. Finally, increased microstructural integrity of the posterior cingulum bundle, as measured by diffusion tensor imaging, predicted faster error correction. These findings suggest that the PCC generates the ERN and communicates with the dACC to subserve error processing. They challenge current models that view fMRI activation of the dACC as the hemodynamic reflection of the ERN. U nderstanding the nature of brain mechanisms that flexibly modify behavior in response to its outcome is a basic goal of neuroscience. Errors provide critical information for adjusting behavior to optimize outcomes. Neuroimaging studies have identified two highly reliable neural correlates of errors: the error-related negativity (ERN), an event-related potential that peaks ∼100 ms following an error, and functional MRI (fMRI) activation of the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) for erroneous compared with correct responses (1). Both electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) (2) studies of the ERN have reported a source in the dACC (a list of studies is presented in Table S1), which is consistent with models that attribute these error markers to a common underlying mechanism (1, 3, 4). The primary goal of the present study was to evaluate the hypothesis of a common mechanism by determining whether the ERN is generated by the dACC region that shows error-related fMRI activation.The ERN has been extensively characterized. Its amplitude is greater when accuracy is emphasized over speed (5), when errors are corrected (6), and when errors incur greater loss (7). Larger ERNs are associated with lower error rates (3) and greater posterror slowing of responses (8). ERN latency predicts the speed of self-corrections (9). These findings suggest that the ERN is sensitive to the value of outcomes and mediates dynamic performance adjustments. Like the ERN, greater error-related fMRI activation of the dACC is associated with fewer errors (10, 11) and increased posterror slowing (12)(13)(14).Although error-related dACC activation is the putative hemodynamic reflection of the ERN (1, 4), these error markers have largely been studied separately using different samples and paradigms. The few studies that have directly investigated their relationship report correlations of fMRI activation of the ACC with the ERN and/or the error waveform or response-locked electr...

show abstract

ERP correlates of conscious error recognition: aware and unaware errors in an antisaccade task

Cited by 255 publications

References 30 publications

Frontal theta band oscillations predict error correction and posterror slowing in typing.

Frontal theta band oscillations predict error correction and posterror slowing in typing.

Posterror speeding after threat-detection failure.

Multimodal neuroimaging dissociates hemodynamic and electrophysiological correlates of error processing

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About