Erosive characteristics and fluoride content of cola-type drinks

Abstract

Aim: Excessive consumption of carbonated soft drinks is detrimental to general and oral health. This study determined endogenous pH, titratable acidity (TA) and fluoride (F) ion concentration of cola-type drinks available in the UK. Subsidiary aims were to compare; i) endogenous pH and TA of drinks upon opening (T0) and after 20 minutes (T20); ii) endogenous pH, TA and F ion concentration of diet v regular and plastic v canned drinks.Methods: Endogenous pH, TA (mls 0.1M NaOH) and F ion (mg/L) of 71 products measured using pH meter and F-ISE. A Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test compared pH and TAs at T0 and T20; a Mann-Whitney U test compared pH, TAs and F ion concentration for; a) regular v diet drinks; b) plastic v canned drinks.Results: Mean (±SD) pH for regular and diet drinks was 2.44± 0.12 and 2.83± 0.33 respectively (p=0.001); mean NaOH (ml) to raise pH to 5.5 and 5.7 was 5.49± 0.76 and 6.40± 0.78 (regular drinks); 5.17±1.03 and 6.03±1.07 (diet drinks). Diet (p=0.040) and regular (p=0.041) drinks had higher TA to pH 5.7 at T0 compared with T20; at T20 regular drinks had higher TA to pH 5.5 (p=0.026) and pH 5.7 (p=0.030) than diet drinks. There was no difference in F ion concentration between regular v diet drinks (p=0.754) and no significant container effect. Conclusion:Erosive characteristics were similar between manufacturers but higher erosive potentials were evident at T0 compared with 20 minutes later and for regular compared with diet drinks. F ion concentration of drinks was low.

Levels of fluoride in bottled soft drinks marketed in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

“…The comparison of the fluoride concentration in the plastic-bottled Coca Cola and Pepsi soft drinks of this study with the literature values is given in Table 5. The fluoride concentration of Coca Cola reported in Mexico [10] is 0.37 mg/L and it is higher than the fluoride level (0.06 mg/L) of the present study, while the fluoride level of the present in study is similar to that in the UK [38]. The fluoride concentration of Pepsi reported in the UK [38] is 0.19 mg/L and it is higher than that of the present study (0.10 mg/L).…”

“…The fluoride concentration of Coca Cola reported in Mexico [10] is 0.37 mg/L and it is higher than the fluoride level (0.06 mg/L) of the present study, while the fluoride level of the present in study is similar to that in the UK [38]. The fluoride concentration of Pepsi reported in the UK [38] is 0.19 mg/L and it is higher than that of the present study (0.10 mg/L). There is no any report in the literature on fluoride level in other three brand of soft drink (Mirinda, Fanta and Sprite).…”

“…The comparison of the fluoride concentration in the glass-bottled soft drinks of this study with the literature values is given in Table 4. The fluoride concentrations of Coca Cola reported in United Arab Emirates [30], China [29], Brazil [37], Mexico [10], UK [38], Sri Lanka [39] and India [40] are 0.08, 0.243, 0.092, 0.34, 0.26, 0.122 and 0.32 mg/L, respectively, are higher than the fluoride concentration of glass-bottled Coca Cola of the present study.…”

“…The study in Mexico [10] reported that there is no significant difference in the level of fluoride in the Coca Cola whether they are contained in the glass-bottle or plastic-bottle. In contrast to this, the study in the UK [38] showed significant difference in the level of fluoride in the Coca Cola contained in the glassbottle and plastic-bottle. While there is no any report in the literature comparing the levels of fluoride in glass-bottled and plastic-bottled soft drink of other four brands.…”

“…There are only two reports [10,38] in the literature on the fluoride levels in plastic-bottled Coca Cola and only one report on the fluoride levels in plastic-bottled Pepsi [38]. The comparison of the fluoride concentration in the plastic-bottled Coca Cola and Pepsi soft drinks of this study with the literature values is given in Table 5.…”