Erosion, sediment discharge, and channel morphology in the Upper Chattahoochee River basin, Georgia

Faye, Robert E.; Carey, W.R.; Stamer, J.K.; Kleckner, R.L.

doi:10.3133/ofr78576

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets (Faye, 1979;Segura et al, 2008), corresponding to a slope of 5-10°or even more (Wischmeier & Smith, 1978). However, valley network slopes over great portions of their lengths tend to be~1°or less (Hoke et al, 2011;Orofino et al, 2018).…”

Section: Erosion Rate Parameterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Climate Simulations of Early Mars With Estimated Precipitation, Runoff, and Erosion Rates

2020

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The debate over the early Martian climate is among the most intriguing in planetary science. Although the geologic evidence generally supports a warmer and wetter climate, climate models have had difficulty simulating such a scenario, leading some to suggest that the observed fluvial geology (e.g., valley networks, modified landscapes) on the Martian surface could have formed in a cold climate instead. However, as we have originally predicted using a single‐column radiative‐convective climate model (Ramirez, Kopparapu, Zugger, et al., 2014, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2000), warming from CO2‐H2 collision‐induced absorption on a volcanically active early Mars could have raised mean surface temperatures above the freezing point, with later calculations showing that this is achievable with hydrogen concentrations as low as ~1%. Nevertheless, these predictions should be tested against more complex models. Here we use an advanced energy balance model that includes a northern lowlands ocean to show that mean surface temperatures near or slightly above the freezing point of water were necessary to carve the valley networks. Our scenario is consistent with a relatively large ocean as has been suggested. Valley network distributions would have been global prior to subsequent removal processes. At lower mean surface temperatures and smaller ocean sizes, precipitation and surface erosion efficiency diminish. The warm period may have been approximately <107 years, perhaps suggesting that episodic warming mechanisms were not needed. Atmospheric collapse and permanently glaciated conditions occur once surface ice coverage exceeds a threshold depending on collision‐induced absorption assumptions. Our results support an early warm and semiarid climate consistent with many geologic observations.

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Section: Erosion Rate Parameterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this latter case, we assume that the regolith is a mix of soil and rock fragments. A K value of 0.3 is representative of a somewhat typical K for terrestrial soils (Wischmeier & Smith, 1978;Faye, 1979). If we assume a 50% rock by volume fraction, K halves to 0.15 (e.g., Renard et al, 1997).…”

Section: Erosion Rate Parameterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate Simulations of Early Mars With Estimated Precipitation, Runoff, and Erosion Rates

2020

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“…The clockwise hytheresis in the suspended sediment-discharge relationship has also been reported by a number of researchers (e.g. Carson et al, 1973;Walling, 1974;Faye et al, 1980;Walling andWebb, 1982, Lootens andLumbu, 1986). The clockwise hytheresis results when the suspended sediment peak occurs earlier than the discharge peak, i m p l y i n g that the earlier explanations concerning sediment sources also apply here.…”

Section: Hytheretical Loopsmentioning

confidence: 58%

Tin mining and sediment supply in peninsular malaysia with special reference to the Kelang River Basin

Guru¹

1991

Environmentalist

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“…This is consistent with sediment samples in the Chestatee River embayment of Lake Lanier that were found to contain less than 0.1 mg kg-1 Hg by Hatcher (1992). Average annual sediment discharge at the Chestatee River gauge just upstream from Lake Lanier (Figure 2) has been estimated at 53,300 tons yr-1 (Faye et al, 1980). Using this rate and the average concentration of Hg at Site 7 of 0.09 mg kg-1, the total annual influx of elemental mercury to the Chestatee River embayment of the lake is 4.27 kg yr-1, about half of which 2.14 kg yr1) is retransported mercury-contaminated sediment from the Chestatee River watershed.…”

Section: Mercury Contaminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

MERCURY CONTAMINATION AND FLOODPLAIN SEDIMENTATION FROM FORMER GOLD MINES IN NORTH GEORGIA¹

Leigh

1994

J American Water Resour Assoc

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Gold was discovered in Georgia in 1829 and mined until about 1940 in the Dahionega Gold Belt of the north Goorgia Piedmont. Streams there are characterized by gravel beds and fine sandy to silty banks. Historical mining‐related alluvium is clearly distinguished from prehistoric alluvium because it is contaminated with mercury (Hg), which was used by miners to amalgamate gold. Mercury concentrations in historical floodplain sediments range from 0.04 to 4.0 mg kg−1, exceeding background (0.04 mg kg1) by as much as two orders of magnitude near the core of the mining district and decreasing in the downstream direction. Low levels (≤ 0.1 mg kg1) of Hg are established within about 10–15 km from the source mines. The mercury‐contaminated sediment exceeds sediment quality guidelines set by many agencies, and is a significant nonpoint source for mercury pollution. Hydraulic mining of saprolite, which began in 1868, and cutting of forests associated with mining and settlement caused unusually rapid sedimentation (1–3 cm yr−l) and floodplain aggradation in the region. After mining ceased, streams adjusted by downcutting and forming an historical‐age terrace. A new floodplain is currently being formed as streams migrate lateraily and erode the mining‐related sediment of the historical terrace. High magnitude floods are contained within the confines of the historical terrace, thus limiting quantities of over‐bank sedimentation, causing channel bank erosion, and transmitting high sediment yields to reservoirs in the region.

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Erosion, sediment discharge, and channel morphology in the Upper Chattahoochee River basin, Georgia

Cited by 16 publications

References 0 publications

Climate Simulations of Early Mars With Estimated Precipitation, Runoff, and Erosion Rates

Climate Simulations of Early Mars With Estimated Precipitation, Runoff, and Erosion Rates

Tin mining and sediment supply in peninsular malaysia with special reference to the Kelang River Basin

MERCURY CONTAMINATION AND FLOODPLAIN SEDIMENTATION FROM FORMER GOLD MINES IN NORTH GEORGIA¹

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Erosion, sediment discharge, and channel morphology in the Upper Chattahoochee River basin, Georgia

Cited by 16 publications

References 0 publications

Climate Simulations of Early Mars With Estimated Precipitation, Runoff, and Erosion Rates

Climate Simulations of Early Mars With Estimated Precipitation, Runoff, and Erosion Rates

Tin mining and sediment supply in peninsular malaysia with special reference to the Kelang River Basin

MERCURY CONTAMINATION AND FLOODPLAIN SEDIMENTATION FROM FORMER GOLD MINES IN NORTH GEORGIA1

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MERCURY CONTAMINATION AND FLOODPLAIN SEDIMENTATION FROM FORMER GOLD MINES IN NORTH GEORGIA¹