Erosion rates in and around Shenandoah National Park, Virginia, determined using analysis of cosmogenic 10Be

Duxbury, Jane; Bierman, Paul R.; Portenga, Eric W.; Pavich, Milan J.; Southworth, Scott; Freeman, Stewart P.H.T.

doi:10.2475/01.2015.02

Cited by 26 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 134 publications

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“…Concentrations of 10 Be in the 65 samples (including one replicate) presented in this study and considered from Reusser et al . [] range from 1.44 to 14.2 × 10 5 at/g, yielding background erosion rates ( E ) ranging from 1.95 to 50.5 m/My, in agreement with previously published drainage‐basin‐scale 10 Be erosion rates for the southern Appalachian Mountains [ Duxbury et al ., ; Matmon et al ., , ; Portenga and Bierman , ; Linari et al ., ] (supporting information Tables S1 and S2).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing landscape‐scale erosion using ¹⁰Be in detrital fluvial sediment: Slope‐based sampling strategy detects the effect of widespread dams

Reusser

Bierman

Rizzo

et al. 2017

Water Resources Research

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Concentrations of in situ 10Be measured in detrital fluvial sediment are frequently used to estimate long‐term erosion rates of drainage basins. In many regions, basin‐averaged erosion rates are positively correlated with basin average slope. The slope dependence of erosion allows model‐based erosion rate estimation for unsampled basins and basins where human disturbance may have biased cosmogenic nuclide concentrations in sediment. Using samples collected from southeastern North America, we demonstrate an approach that explicitly considers the relationship between average basin slope and erosion rate. Because dams and reservoirs are ubiquitous on larger channels in the field area, we selected 36 undammed headwater subbasins (average area 10.6 km2) from which we collected river sand samples and measured 10Be concentrations. We used these data to train a predictive model that relates average basin slope and 10Be‐inferred erosion rate. Applying our model to 28 basins in the same region previously studied with 10Be, we find that the model successfully predicts erosion rates for basins of different sizes if they are undammed or if samples were collected >25 km downstream of dams. For samples collected closer to dams, measured erosion rates exceed modeled erosion rates for two‐thirds of the samples. In three of four cases where paired samples were collected upstream of reservoirs and downstream of the impounding dam, 10Be concentrations were lower downstream. This finding has implications for detrital cosmogenic studies, whether or not samples were collected directly downstream of dams, because dams obstruct most major rivers around the world, effectively trapping sediment that originated upstream.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing landscape‐scale erosion using ¹⁰Be in detrital fluvial sediment: Slope‐based sampling strategy detects the effect of widespread dams

Reusser

Bierman

Rizzo

et al. 2017

Water Resources Research

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“…The long-term denudation rates found in the Minas Gerais (Brazil) granite-gneiss substratum are the following: 14.9±2.28 m My −1 (Salgado et al, 2008) in Quadrilátero Ferrífero, 8.77±2.78 m My −1 in Cristiano Otoni, and 15.68 ± 4.53 m My −1 in São Geraldo (Cherem et al, 2012). Studies in the Appalachian Mountains measuring the granite substratum from the Blue Ridge Province showed denudation rates of 7.9 to 21.8 m My − 1 (Duxbury, 2009), and the gneiss substratum from the Great Smoky Mountains showed values of 27 m My − 1 (Matmon et al, 2003). The low values of the long-term denudation rates confirm that the Serra Talhada granite-gneiss occurrence, protected by resistant quartzite, hardly affects the denudation rates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Denudation rates of the Southern Espinhaço Range, Minas Gerais, Brazil, determined by in situ-produced cosmogenic beryllium-10

et al. 2013

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To investigate denudation rates in the southern part of the Espinhaço Range (central-eastern Brazil) and to understand how this important resistant and residual relief has evolved in the past 1.38 My, cosmogenic 10 Be concentrations produced in situ were measured in alluvial sediments from the three main regional basins, whose substratum is composed primarily of quartzites. The long-term denudation rates (up to 1.38 My) estimated from these measurements were compared with those that affect the western (São Francisco River) and eastern (Doce and Jequitinhonha Rivers) basins, which face the West San Francisco craton and the Atlantic, respectively. Denudation rates were measured in 27 samples collected in catchments of different sizes (6-970 km 2) and were compared with geomorphic parameters. The mean denudation rates determined in the northern part are low and similar to those determined in the southern part, despite slightly different geomorphic parameter values (catchment relief and mean slope). For the southern catchments, the values are 4.91 ± 1.01 m My −1 and 3.65 ± 1.26 m My − 1 for the Doce and São Francisco River basins, respectively; for the northern catchments, they are 4.40 ± 1.06 m My − 1 and 3.96 ± 0.91 m My − 1 for the Jequitinhonha and São Francisco River basins, respectively. These low values of denudation rates suggest no direct correlation if plotted against geomorphic parameters such as the catchment area, maximum elevation, catchment relief, average relief and mean slope gradients. These values show that the regional landscape evolves slowly and is strongly controlled by resistant lithology, with similar erosional rates in the three studied basins.

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“…The control of lithology on long-term erosion rates is poorly constrained (Portenga and 406 Bierman, 2011;Duxbury et al, 2015). The lack of understanding is in part due to the minimal compilation of 10 Be-determined erosion rates (Portenga and Bierman, 2011).…”

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confidence: 99%

Long-term erosion rates of Panamanian drainage basins determined using in situ 10 Be

et al. 2016

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Erosion rates of tropical landscapes are poorly known. Using measurements of in situproduced 10 Be in quartz extracted from river and landslide sediment samples, we calculate longterm erosion rates for many physiographic regions of Panama. We collected river sediment samples from a wide variety of watersheds (n = 35), and then quantified 24 landscape-scale variables (physiographic, climatic, seismic, geologic, and land-use proxies) for each watershed before determining the relationship between these variables and long-term erosion rates using linear regression, multiple regression, and analysis of variance (ANOVA). We also used grainsize-specific 10 Be analysis to infer the effect of landslides on the concentration of 10 Be in fluvial sediment and thus on erosion rates. The strongest and most significant relationship in the dataset was between erosion rate and silicate weathering rate, the mass of material leaving the basin in solution. None of the topographic variables showed a significant relationship with erosion rate at the 95% significance level; we observed weak but significant correlation between erosion rates and several climatic variables related to precipitation and temperature. On average, erosion rates in Panama are higher than other cosmogenically-derived erosion rates in tropical climates including those from Puerto Rico, Madagascar, Australia and Sri Lanka, likely the result of Panama's active tectonic setting and thus high rates of seismicity and uplift. Contemporary sediment yield and cosmogenically-derived erosion rates for three of the rivers we studied are similar, suggesting that human activities are not increasing sediment yield above long-term erosion rate averages in Panama.3 10 Be concentration is inversely proportional to grain size in landslide and fluvial samples from Panama; finer grain sizes from landslide material have lower 10 Be concentration than finegrained fluvial sediment. Large grains from both landslide and stream sediments have similarly low 10 Be concentrations. These data suggest that fluvial gravel is delivered to the channel by landslides whereas sand is preferentially delivered by soil creep and bank collapse. Furthermore, the difference in 10 Be concentration in sand-sized material delivers by soil creep and that delivered by landsliding suggests that the frequency and intensity of landslides influences basin scale erosion rates.

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Erosion rates in and around Shenandoah National Park, Virginia, determined using analysis of cosmogenic 10Be

Cited by 26 publications

References 134 publications

Characterizing landscape‐scale erosion using ¹⁰Be in detrital fluvial sediment: Slope‐based sampling strategy detects the effect of widespread dams

Characterizing landscape‐scale erosion using ¹⁰Be in detrital fluvial sediment: Slope‐based sampling strategy detects the effect of widespread dams

Denudation rates of the Southern Espinhaço Range, Minas Gerais, Brazil, determined by in situ-produced cosmogenic beryllium-10

Long-term erosion rates of Panamanian drainage basins determined using in situ 10 Be

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Erosion rates in and around Shenandoah National Park, Virginia, determined using analysis of cosmogenic 10Be

Cited by 26 publications

References 134 publications

Characterizing landscape‐scale erosion using 10Be in detrital fluvial sediment: Slope‐based sampling strategy detects the effect of widespread dams

Characterizing landscape‐scale erosion using 10Be in detrital fluvial sediment: Slope‐based sampling strategy detects the effect of widespread dams

Denudation rates of the Southern Espinhaço Range, Minas Gerais, Brazil, determined by in situ-produced cosmogenic beryllium-10

Long-term erosion rates of Panamanian drainage basins determined using in situ 10 Be

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Characterizing landscape‐scale erosion using ¹⁰Be in detrital fluvial sediment: Slope‐based sampling strategy detects the effect of widespread dams

Characterizing landscape‐scale erosion using ¹⁰Be in detrital fluvial sediment: Slope‐based sampling strategy detects the effect of widespread dams