Erosion of quantitative host resistance in the apple ×Venturia inaequalis pathosystem

Caffier, Valérie; Lasserre-Zuber, Pauline; Giraud, Michel; Lascostes, M.; Stievenard, René; Lemarquand, Arnaud; Weg, Eric van de; Expert, Pascale; Denancé, Caroline; Didelot, Frédérique; Cam, Bruno Le; Durel, Charles‐Eric

doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2014.02.003

Cited by 36 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…However, the long‐term effectiveness of such resistance remains to be demonstrated as the pathogen may be capable of adapting to these genotypes. Indeed, this has already been observed in some quantitative resistances involved in other pathosystems, for example that conferred by specific QTLs in apple against Venturia inaequalis (Caffier et al., ), or in the partial resistance in vine ( Vitis vinifera ) against mildew (Delmotte et al., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Effectiveness of quantitative resistance conferred by the genetic background of pepper in the control of root‐knot nematodes and influence onto durability of Me1‐ and Me3‐resistant genes in greenhouse conditions

et al. 2017

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In pepper (Capsicum annuum), the major genes (R‐genes) Me1 and Me3 confer resistance against root‐knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.). The combination of R‐genes and quantitative resistance factors in the same genotype is considered a good breeding strategy for increasing the durability of R‐genes. To ascertain this hypothesis, five pepper inbred lines, differing in their quantitative resistance level, were combined with Me1 or Me3 genes in F1 hybrids. The resistance of inbred lines and F1 hybrids was evaluated in a greenhouse with soil naturally infected by M. incognita in two successive growing years. In both years, lines carrying Me3 were less infected by the nematode when combined with quantitative resistance. An increase in nematode infection was observed in the second growing year in lines carrying Me1 or Me3, independently of quantitative resistance. The infection level recorded in inbred lines without R‐genes was similar in both years. The effectiveness of quantitative resistance controlling M. incognita is confirmed in greenhouse conditions, although the durability of Me1 and Me3 when combined with quantitative resistance factors was not seen to increase.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Effectiveness of quantitative resistance conferred by the genetic background of pepper in the control of root‐knot nematodes and influence onto durability of Me1‐ and Me3‐resistant genes in greenhouse conditions

et al. 2017

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“…Despite the considerable interest in the use of partially resistant plants for controlling crop pathogens, little is known about the evolutionary response of multiple quantitative traits in plant pathogens to the selective pressure exerted by such plant resistance (Lannou , but see Caffier et al ). We found that pathogen isolates collected from partially resistant hosts (‘RES’) were significantly more aggressive (i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…; Lannou ; Burdon et al. ; Caffier et al ; Mundt ). Despite the applied importance of studying the quantitative evolution of pathogen life‐history traits with host selective pressures, we still lack experimental data on the effects of partial host resistance on multiple phenotypic traits (aggressiveness) and evolutionary strategies in pathogens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptation of a plant pathogen to partial host resistance: selection for greater aggressiveness in grapevine downy mildew

Delmas

Fabre

Jolivet

et al. 2016

Evolutionary Applications

105

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An understanding of the evolution of pathogen quantitative traits in response to host selective pressures is essential for the development of durable management strategies for resistant crops. However, we still lack experimental data on the effects of partial host resistance on multiple phenotypic traits (aggressiveness) and evolutionary strategies in pathogens. We performed a cross‐inoculation experiment with four grapevine hosts and 103 isolates of grapevine downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola) sampled from susceptible and partially resistant grapevine varieties. We analysed the neutral and adaptive genetic differentiation of five quantitative traits relating to pathogen transmission. Isolates from resistant hosts were more aggressive than isolates from susceptible hosts, as they had a shorter latency period and higher levels of spore production. This pattern of adaptation contrasted with the lack of neutral genetic differentiation, providing evidence for directional selection. No specificity for a particular host variety was detected. Adapted isolates had traits that were advantageous on all resistant varieties. There was no fitness cost associated with this genetic adaptation, but several trade‐offs between pathogen traits were observed. These results should improve the accuracy of prediction of fitness trajectories for this biotrophic pathogen, an essential element for the modelling of durable deployment strategies for resistant varieties.

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“…On the moderately resistant cultivar, Q ST in aggressiveness was significantly lower than G ST in RFLP ( Figure 2A ), suggesting a constraining selection which acts to spatially homogenize the pathogen’s population genetic structure. Previous studies showed that the moderately resistant cultivar displayed continuous variation in susceptibility to Z. tritici isolates (Zhan et al, 2016), suggesting the resistance is likely to be race non-specific as demonstrated in many plant quantitative resistance systems (Chartrain et al, 2004; Caffier et al, 2014). In race non-specific resistance, the host is expected to exert a similar level of selection on pathotypes derived from all geographic locations, leading to an overall lower Q ST than G ST .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host Resistance and Temperature-Dependent Evolution of Aggressiveness in the Plant Pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici

Chen

Duan

et al. 2017

Front. Microbiol.

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Understanding how habitat heterogeneity may affect the evolution of plant pathogens is essential to effectively predict new epidemiological landscapes and manage genetic diversity under changing global climatic conditions. In this study, we explore the effects of habitat heterogeneity, as determined by variation in host resistance and local temperature, on the evolution of Zymoseptoria tritici by comparing the aggressiveness development of five Z. tritici populations originated from different parts of the world on two wheat cultivars varying in resistance to the pathogen. Our results show that host resistance plays an important role in the evolution of Z. tritici. The pathogen was under weak, constraining selection on a host with quantitative resistance but under a stronger, directional selection on a susceptible host. This difference is consistent with theoretical expectations that suggest that quantitative resistance may slow down the evolution of pathogens and therefore be more durable. Our results also show that local temperature interacts with host resistance in influencing the evolution of the pathogen. When infecting a susceptible host, aggressiveness development of Z. tritici was negatively correlated to temperatures of the original collection sites, suggesting a trade-off between the pathogen’s abilities of adapting to higher temperature and causing disease and global warming may have a negative effect on the evolution of pathogens. The finding that no such relationship was detected when the pathogen infected the partially resistant cultivars indicates the evolution of pathogens in quantitatively resistant hosts is less influenced by environments than in susceptible hosts.

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Erosion of quantitative host resistance in the apple ×Venturia inaequalis pathosystem

Cited by 36 publications

References 51 publications

Effectiveness of quantitative resistance conferred by the genetic background of pepper in the control of root‐knot nematodes and influence onto durability of Me1‐ and Me3‐resistant genes in greenhouse conditions

Effectiveness of quantitative resistance conferred by the genetic background of pepper in the control of root‐knot nematodes and influence onto durability of Me1‐ and Me3‐resistant genes in greenhouse conditions

Adaptation of a plant pathogen to partial host resistance: selection for greater aggressiveness in grapevine downy mildew

Host Resistance and Temperature-Dependent Evolution of Aggressiveness in the Plant Pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici

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