Erosion of atmospherically deposited radionuclides as affected by soil disaggregation mechanisms

Watershed wash-off of atmospherically deposited radionuclides: a review of normalized entrainment coefficients

“…This stage is referred as short-term wash-off. These rapid fluxes result from direct deposition on surface water without passage in the soil store (Smith et al, 1987), delayed deposit to soil by vegetation wash-off (Rogowski and Tamura, 1970), runoff export of non-sorbed radionuclides (Bahr and Rubin, 1987;Bergströ m et al, 1997), and rapid mobilization of contaminated particles by soil disaggregation with contaminated water (Claval et al, 2004).…”

Effect of desorption kinetics on colloid‐facilitated transport of contaminants: Cesium, strontium, and illite colloids

“…The transport behavior of cesium and strontium in both saturated and unsaturated media has been studied in the field [ Jackson and Inch , 1983; Robin et al , 1991; Wiechen et al , 1993; McKinley et al , 2001; Arapis and Karandinos , 2004; Shinonaga et al , 2005; Solecki , 2005], in the laboratory [ Koss and Kim , 1990; Lefèvre et al , 1993, 1996; Szenknect et al , 2003, 2005; Flury et al , 2004], and by modeling [ Lofts et al , 2002; Steefel et al , 2003; Lichtner et al , 2004; Liu et al , 2004]. Numerous investigations have reported colloid‐facilitated transport of cesium and strontium both in the field [ Champ et al , 1984; Buddemeier and Hunt , 1988; Vilks and Degueldre , 1991; Möri et al , 2003] and in the laboratory [ Eichholz et al , 1982; Torok et al , 1990; Fauré et al , 1996; Sätmark et al , 1996; Vilks and Baik , 2001; Flury et al , 2002; Zhuang et al , 2003; Claval et al , 2004; Um and Papelis , 2004; Chen et al , 2005]. Only a few of these experiments [ Saiers et al , 1994; Saiers and Hornberger , 1996a, 1996b, 1999; Noell et al , 1998] have been conducted in systems that allow elucidation of colloid‐facilitated transport mechanisms and kinetic parameters.…”