Erosion hydrique et entraînement mécanique des terres par les outils dans les côteaux du sud-ouest de la France. La nécessité d'établir un bilan avant toute mesure anti-érosive

Revel, Jean-Claude; Guiresse, Marguerite; Coste, Nathalie; Cavalie, J.; Costes, Jean-Philippe

doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-81466-1.50050-2

Cited by 20 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…Recently, several authors have drawn attention to the fact that tillage may make a major contribution to soil redistribution on arable land (Lindstrom et al, 1992;Govers et al, 1993;Revel et al, 1993;Govers et al, in press;Quine et al, 1994). Net soil redistribution due to tillage is thought to result from the greater downward displacement of soil during a downslope tillage operation than the upward displacement during the complementary upslope operation.…”

Section: Possible Diffusive Processesmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Not surprisingly, much of the interest and concern has focused a n the impact of water erosion, because this is usually the most visible indicator of soil loss and the most important process contributing to soil export from a cultivated field. However, when considering the rates and pattern of total soil loss and accumulation within individual fields it is important to identify all contributing processes and there is growing evidence that the effects of soil tillage should be taken into account (Lindstrom et al, 1992;Govers et al, 1993;Revel et al, 1993;Govers et al, 1994;Quine et al, 1994). In the light of this evidence, there is a clear need to assess the relative importance of water erosion and tillage processes in determining the rates and patterns of total soil redistribution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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The Relative Contribution of Soil Tillage and Overland Flow Erosion to Soil Redistribution on Agricultural Land

Govers

Quine

Desmet

et al. 1996

Earth Surf. Process. Landforms

172

101

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This study uses evidence for the long-term (35 years) pattern of soil redistribution within two agricultural fields in the UK to identify the relative importance of tillage and overland flow erosion. Spatially distributed long-term total soil redistribution data for the fields (Dalicott Farm and Rufford Forest Farm) were obtained using the caesium-137 (I3'Cs) technique. These data were compared with predicted patterns of soil redistribution.Recent studies have demonstrated that the redistribution of soil by tillage may be described as a diffusive process. A two-component model was, therefore, developed which accounts for soil redistribution by both overland flow and diffusive processes. Comparison of the predicted patterns of overland flow erosion alone with the observed ('37Cs-derived) data indicated a poor agreement (rZ = 0.17 and 0.11). In contrast, a good agreement exists between the predicted pattern of diffusive redistribution and the observed data (3 = 0.43 and 0.41). These results give a clear indication that diffusive processes are dominant in soil redistribution within these fields. Possible diffusive processes include splash erosion, soil creep and tillage. However, the magnitude of the diffusion coefficients for the optimum predicted pattern (c. 350-400 kgm-' a-I) demonstrates that tillage is the only process capable of explaining the very significant soil redistribution which is indicated by the I3'Cs data. Consideration is given to the implications of these results for both soil erosion prediction and landscape interpretation.

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Section: Possible Diffusive Processesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The Relative Contribution of Soil Tillage and Overland Flow Erosion to Soil Redistribution on Agricultural Land

Govers

Quine

Desmet

et al. 1996

Earth Surf. Process. Landforms

172

101

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“…Since then, several fi eld experiments have quantifi ed the soil movement generated by different tillage implements by applying different research methods. Of particular interest are the works related to the use of the mouldboard plough of Lindstrom et al (1990Lindstrom et al ( , 1992, Revel et al (1993), Govers et al (1994), Lobb et al (1995), Van Muysen et al (1999) and De Alba (1998a, 2001. Lindstrom et al (1990) developed the fi rst model of soil translocation by tillage as a statistical relation ship between soil displacement (d) and slope gradient (S) of the type d = J(S).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulating long-term soil redistribution generated by different patterns of mouldboard ploughing in landscapes of complex topography

Alba

2003

Soil and Tillage Research

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In agricultural landscapes, translocation and redistribution of soil during tillage operations have been described as intense geomorphic, soil degradation and erosion (mechanical or tillage erosion) processes. This paper presents the design and calculation algorithms of the Soil Redistribution by Tillage (SORET) model. The SORET model is of the spatial distribution type and can perform 3D simulations of soil redistribution in Digital Terrain Models (DTMs) on the field scale. It can predict soil redistribution arising from different patterns of tillage in a given landscape via computer simulation of a single tillage operation, and is also able to forecast the long-term effects of repeated operations. Using the model, simulation was made of the long-term effects of three different patterns of tillage achieved using a mouldboard plough: (i) contouring, (ii) up-downslope, and (iii) downslope alone. The DTM selected was a field of complex topography and up to 40% slope with a Calcic Haploxeralf (Calcic Luvisol) soil in Central Spain. Results indicate substantial differences in the effects of the three tillage patterns in terms of absolute soil erosion-accumulation rates and the spatial distribution of areas of soil loss and deposition. These findings also suggest complex interaction between topography and direction of tillage, which ultimately determines the intensity and pattern of soil redistribution. Repeated downslope tillage gave rise to most intense soil degradation by tillage erosion, with an eroded area of 62% of the DTM, and an average erosion rate of 27.8 Mg ha-I per tillage operation. For contouring tillage, the eroded area was 59% of the total DTM and the average erosion rate was 16.7 Mg ha -I per tillage operation; for up-downslope tillage, these variables were 67% and 15.1 Mg ha-I , respectively. The SORET model appears to be a useful tool for simulating the spatial variability of soil redistribution and soil erosion-accumulation rates determined by different patterns of tillage in the long term. However, additional field data on the initial variability of soil properties are required if the effects of soil redistribution on soil degradation are to be adequately evaluated.

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“…dT, soil displacement in the tillage direction; dp, soil displacement in the direction perpendicular to tillage; ST, slope gradient in the direction of tillage; Sp, slope gradient in the direction perpendicular to tillage. (a) Soil displacement in the direction of tillage, dT = a + bST (cm) Lindstrom et al (1992) 0.24 Up-and downslope Revel et al (1993) 0.27 Up-and downslope Govers et al (1994) 0.28 Up-and downslope Lobb et aL (1995) 0 ST from -34 to -3 13.5…”

Section: Ef Fect Of Tillage Depth On Soil Displacementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mouldboard plough causes the detachment and movement of the entire topsoil layer (i.e., the plough layer), generally at a uniform depth of 0.24-0.40 rn, but in extreme cases such as those of cropped areas of clayey soils in the Tuscany region, tillage depth frequently surpasses 0.50 In. Of particular interest are the experimental works related to the use of the mouldboard plough by Lindstrom et al (1990Lindstrom et al ( , 1992, Revel et al (1993), Govers et al (1994), Lobb et al (1995, 1999), De Alba (1998, 2001, Van Muysen et al (1999, and Gerontidis et al (2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of tillage erosion by mouldboard plough in Tuscany (Italy)

Alba

Borselli

Torri

et al. 2006

Soil and Tillage Research

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This study was designed to characterise the soil translocation effect induced by mouldboard ploughing with an implement traditionally used in the Tuscany region (Central Italy). We discuss the results of a set of field experiments performed to measure soil displacement along slopes of varying gradient in different directions and at several depths of tillage. Using the Soil Erosion by Tillage (SETi) model. soil translocation patterns for different tillage scenarios were analysed. with special attention paid to the effects of the direction and depth of tillage on the extent and spatial pattern of soil movement. The lateral slope gradient Sp and tillage depth D were found to be the dominant controlling factors for total soil displacement. The effect of the slope gradient in a direction parallel to tillage ST was much less pronounced. These findings reveal the importance of the asymmetric nature of the soil movement produced by mouldboard ploughing and the predominant effect of the lateral displacement dp on the actual trajectory of soil motion. Results demonstrate that spatial patterns of soil redistribution due to mouldboard ploughing are highly variable and depend on the particular characteristics of the implement used. This dependence is so strong that maximum downslope soil translocation can occur during both, contour tillage or up-down tillage. For this particular mouldboard plough, maximum downslope soil transport took place at a tillage direction ca. 70° and not when tillage was conducted along the steepest slope direction (0°). These findings highlight the potential of the combined approach applied. The physically based SETi model can be properly calibrated using a relatively limited dataset from field experiments. Once calibrating, the SETi model can then be used to generate synthetic tillage translocation relationships, which can predict the intensity and spatial pattern of soil translocation over a much wider range of tillage scenarios than the particular experimental conditions, in terms of topography complexity (slope gradients and morphology) and the direction and depth of tillage. These synthetic relationships are useful tools for evaluating strategies designed to reduce tillage erosion.

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Erosion hydrique et entraînement mécanique des terres par les outils dans les côteaux du sud-ouest de la France. La nécessité d'établir un bilan avant toute mesure anti-érosive

Cited by 20 publications

References 0 publications

The Relative Contribution of Soil Tillage and Overland Flow Erosion to Soil Redistribution on Agricultural Land

The Relative Contribution of Soil Tillage and Overland Flow Erosion to Soil Redistribution on Agricultural Land

Simulating long-term soil redistribution generated by different patterns of mouldboard ploughing in landscapes of complex topography

Assessment of tillage erosion by mouldboard plough in Tuscany (Italy)

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