Erosión hídrica del suelo estimada para 99 cuencas uruguayas

Carrasco-Letelier, Leónidas; Beretta-Blanco, Andrés

doi:10.7764/rcia.v44i2.1717

Cited by 5 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The second type of water erosion of the soil corresponds to a natural risk, that is, soils with high slope and structural fragility that are present in defined soils of forest priority [18]. This situation was previously reported by Carrasco-Letelier and Beretta-Blanco [19] This last type of erosion was the one detected in the studied plots. Therefore, the erosion was not due to the afforestation of these plots but to their high sand content and steep slopes.…”

Section: Soil Erosionsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…In the 50 km radius catchment area, there is 17.8% (104,460 ha) of 586,983 ha of soils (Figure 6C) with an annual erosion higher than the tolerable value (7 Mg ha −1 yr −1 ). This occurs in steep, sandy loam soils [19,36,61]. In this context, in the 73,152 ha of plantations studied (Figure 6D), 7.8% is found on soils with erosion greater than tolerable.…”

Section: Soil Erosion By Watermentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The most important soil erosion processes in Uruguay were linked to the agricultural expansion and intensification of the last decade [19]. The situation partially explained the loss of nutrients due to bad fertilization management of rainfed crops, which reduced soil productivity [20].…”

Section: Soil Erosionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An example could be Uruguay, whose GDP depends largely on the exportation of sulfate chemical wood pulp, frozen bovine meat, soybeans, concentrated milk and rice [21]. Therefore, Uruguay could support a circular economy scheme and a bioecon- omy using biorefineries mainly, with harvest residues or wood from forest plantation of solid wood because the biomass production is higher than the minimum amount required (7 ton ha −1 yr −1 ) to maintain the soil organic matter balance [19]; currently, solid wood production is higher than the demand of the national industry or international market; and finally, the use for biofuels or biobased products is a research area under development in this country [22][23][24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…was incorporated into the GIS as a new information layer according to the description by Carrasco-Letelier and Beretta-Blanco[19].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Availability and Environmental Performance of Wood for a Second-Generation Biorefinery

Rachid-Casnati¹,

Resquín²,

Carrasco-Letelier³

2021

Preprint

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The current Global Climate Change, the 2030 Agenda and the Planetary boundaries have driven new development strategies, such as the circular economy, bioeconomy and biorefineries. In this framework, this study analyzes the potential availability and sustainability of the wood supply chain for a small-scale biorefinery aiming at producing 280–300 L of bioethanol per ton dry biomass, consuming 30,000 t of dry biomass per year harvested in a 50 km radius. This wood production goal was assessed from Eucalyptus grandis stands planted for solid wood in northeastern Uruguay. Moreover, to understand the environmental performance of this biomass supply chain, the energy return on investment (EROI), carbon footprint (CF) and potential soil erosion were also assessed. The results showed that the potential wood production would supply an average of 81,800 t of dry mass per year, maintaining the soil erosion below the upper threshold recommended, an EROI of 2.3 and annual CF of 1.22 kg CO2-eq m–3 (2.6 g CO2-eq MJ–1). Combined with the environmental performance of the bioethanol biorefinery facility, these results would show acceptable values of sustainability according to EU Directive 2009/28/ec because the bioethanol CF becomes 1.7% of this petrol’s CF.

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Section: Soil Erosionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Soil Erosion By Watermentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Soil Erosionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…was incorporated into the GIS as a new information layer according to the description by Carrasco-Letelier and Beretta-Blanco[19].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Availability and Environmental Performance of Wood for a Second-Generation Biorefinery

Rachid-Casnati¹,

Resquín²,

Carrasco-Letelier³

2021

Preprint

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Use of sludge from pulp mills in extensive crops: An assessment at a semi‐commercial scale in central South America

Mazzilli¹,

Barrios²,

Ernst³

2022

Agrosystems Geosci & Env

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Land under agriculture has increased during the last 20 yr in the South American Pampas. Agricultural systems use mostly finite imported sources of P, so the use of local recycled P sources is an alternative. In Uruguay, two current events are relevant to this matter: the increase in the crop area of Brassica carinata (biofuels production) and the presence of large pulp mills. The working hypothesis was that pulp mill sludge applied prior to sowing carinata crops will substitute the use of inorganic fertilizers, and that the combination of sludge and inorganic fertilizers will increase grain yield. Two on-farm experiments were conducted, in which carinata was sown during the 2019 winter season and followed after harvest by soybean sown at one site and maize at another. At each site, six treatment strips (30 m wide × 400 m long) were established in a control-plot design. The treatments corresponded to two sludge types (biosludge and mixed sludge), combined with a traditional N, P, K, S chemical fertilizer (29 kg P ha -1 ), compared with a control treatment (not fertilized). Carinata yields results do not support the proposed hypothesis, because the yields of the sludge treatments were lower than the chemical fertilization treatments. The limiting factor for the crops was associated with N supply, as the nitrogen nutrition index showed low values. Sludge application did not result in changes in summer crop yields and soil chemical properties. Future studies should focus on the sustained use of combined fertilizer sources over time.

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Soil Use Legacy as Driving Factor for Soil Erosion under Conservation Agriculture

Grahmann

Rubio

Perez‐Bidegain

et al. 2022

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Water erosion can cause irreversible depletions in soil quality and crop productivity. The susceptibility of the soil to erosion is affected by current and historical management practices. Historical soil management practices like ploughing or subsoil loosening may lead to irreversible degradations of soils, which in turn increases soil erosion risk. Six “Wischmeier” plots under conservation agriculture, but with different historic treatments regarding soil use and management, were evaluated. These plots were installed in 1984 in Colonia del Sacramento, Uruguay on a Vertic Argiudoll. The objective of this study was to quantify how changes in soil quality, generated by different historical soil use and management over the last 35 years, contribute to current runoff and soil erosion in a cropping system under soil conservation practices using no-till, residue retention and cover crops. Considering differences in soil legacy effects of previous land use, plots were grouped in three treatments with contrasting historic index of agricultural intensification (IAI). The IAI was developed combining the duration of land use under agricultural production and the number and intensity of tillage activity resulting in the treatments: tillage with crop-pasture rotation (TIL_CP), no-tillage under several rotations (NT_Mix) and tillage with continuous cropping (TIL_CROP) with an increasing IAI of 3.5, 7.1 and 11.8, respectively. Rainfall events, runoff water and total, fixed and volatile solids were studied from 2017 to 2019. Soil physical (bulk density, penetration resistance, infiltration rate, aggregate stability), chemical (soil organic carbon (SOC), pH, phosphorous (P-Bray)) and biological properties (particulate organic matter (POM), potentially mineralizable nitrogen (PMN)) were assessed in 2019. Yearly average runoff amounted 209, 579 and 320 mm in 2017, 2018 and 2019, respectively. Yearly average soil losses were 233, 805 and 139 kg/ha with significant differences among years. The lowest soil losses were observed in TIL_CP (231, 615 and 146 kg/ha in 2017, 2018 and 2019, respectively) with lowest IAI of 3.5. Infiltration rate was the lowest in plots with highest IAI. Soil bulk density was highest (1.3 g/cm3) in plots with high IAI. SOC and PMN were lowest in TIL_CROP (3.0% SOC and 34 mg/kg PMN), holding the highest IAI of 11.8. Conservation agriculture minimized soil erosion losses in all plots and years, and erosion was much lower than the maximum tolerable threshold of 7,000 kg/ha for this particular soil. However, in historically intensively tilled and cropped soils, soil quality showed long-term adverse effects pointing towards a reduced resilience of the agricultural system.

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Erosión hídrica del suelo estimada para 99 cuencas uruguayas

Cited by 5 publications

References 6 publications

Availability and Environmental Performance of Wood for a Second-Generation Biorefinery

Availability and Environmental Performance of Wood for a Second-Generation Biorefinery

Use of sludge from pulp mills in extensive crops: An assessment at a semi‐commercial scale in central South America

Soil Use Legacy as Driving Factor for Soil Erosion under Conservation Agriculture

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