Erosion-Corrosion of Gathering Pipeline Steel in Oil-Water-Sand Multiphase Flow

Li, Qiang; Liu, Bingcheng

doi:10.3390/met13010080

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…This fact was also identified by another author [25], who highlighted in his work the formation of carbides and other compounds that helped to form a protective film against corrosion. The main compound formed was siderite FeCO 3 , which reduces the corrosion rate in steels [26][27][28][29].…”

Section: Figure 12mentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the Morphology of Eutectoid Steels on Corrosion Resistance in NaCl Aqueous Medium with and without CO2

Fideles,

Florez,

Rodrigues

et al. 2023

Metals

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This study conducts a comparative electrochemical evaluation of three types of pearlitic steels used in flexible pipelines for oil transport in marine environments. The steels have been manufactured with chemical composition and geometry variations to optimize operation performance under adverse conditions. Electrochemical tests were conducted using solutions simulating marine environments with NaCl and CO2, and at high temperatures. The results indicated that spheroidized (SC) steel demonstrated the best corrosion resistance under these specific conditions. Additionally, the Raman spectroscopy characterization technique was used to analyze the layers of corrosion products formed during the tests, identifying the presence of FeCO3 (siderite) and other corrosive oxides. These discoveries are valuable for selecting and improving materials in flexible pipelines used in oil production in marine waters. The study highlights the importance of the cementite morphology present in pearlite as a relevant factor in the corrosive behavior of steels, contributing to the development of more efficient and durable solutions for the offshore oil and gas industry.

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Section: Figure 12mentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the Morphology of Eutectoid Steels on Corrosion Resistance in NaCl Aqueous Medium with and without CO2

Fideles,

Florez,

Rodrigues

et al. 2023

Metals

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“…In the oil well, the casing plays a role in protecting the borehole, reinforcing the wellbore, and isolating the oil and gas layers. Due to the electrochemical corrosion, acid corrosion, crevice corrosion, fatigue corrosion, erosion corrosion and cavitation corrosion [ 1 , 2 , 3 ], as well as complex geological and engineering factors, there is always tubing and casing corrosion, deformation, cracking, and other damages affecting oil well safety and causing economic losses [ 1 , 2 ]. There are many methods for detecting the tubing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time-Domain Numerical Simulation and Experimental Study on Pulsed Eddy Current Inspection of Tubing and Casing

Yu¹,

Zhu

Cao³

et al. 2023

Sensors

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Fundamental theory and methods are investigated of inspecting tubing and casing simultaneously using pulsed eddy current testing by numerical simulations and experiments. The distribution and variation of eddy current field are given in the finite element simulation for the inspection of undamaged and corroded casing and tubing combinations, with tubing outer diameter 73.8 mm, wall thickness 5.7 mm, corrosion depth 1.25 mm, 2.5 mm, 3.75 mm, and casing outer diameter 141.5 mm, wall thickness 7.7 mm, corrosion depth 1.25 mm, 2.5 mm, and 3.75 mm, respectively. The results show that eddy current field propagates around and to the depth after the direct section of the exciting current is cut off and the intensity center of eddy current field shifts gradually from the inner side of the tubing to the casing, which forms the basis of analyzing inspection mechanism. Corrosion at a particular depth is related to a particular optimum time slice of the induced voltage (namely with deepest concave) and a highest sensitivity is obtained at this slice. The time associated with this slice is in accordance with the time when the intensity center of eddy current reaches the corrosion. Corrosion at different depths has different voltage time slices starting to show signal of defect, which can be used to estimate the depth of the defect in order to judge the defect coming from tubing or casing. Furthermore, sinking degree of the time slice reflects the size of the defect. All machined defects can be recognized in the experiments and the optimum time slice appears at 0.01 s and 0.008 s after the excitation current is cut off for the tubing corrosion of 1.25 mm and 2.5 mm, respectively. The optimum time slice appears at the last moment of cut-off period, 0.625, for the casing corrosion. Experimental results agree well with the simulations and show the existence of the optimum correspondence between depth of corrosion and starting time of the defect signal of time slice, relations between sinking degree of the time slice, and corrosion size.

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“…The results show that the dynamic behavior of the jet pipe servo valve will degrade with the extent of the erosion of the wedge. Although many researchers have investigated the primary mechanism of erosive wear, they reported that cutting and pitting are the paramount mechanisms of erosion [15,16]. Predicting pipeline erosive wear can help researchers in the hydrocarbon and mineral processing industries to understand the primary causes of therefore prevent erosion damage; several studies have been conducted regarding erosive wear evaluations of different flow devices such as valves [17][18][19][20], pumps [21][22][23][24], turbines [25][26][27][28] and cyclone separators [29][30][31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Erosion–Corrosion Failure Analysis of a Mild Steel Nozzle Pipe in Water–Sand Flow

Khan,

Wieczorowski,

Damjanović

et al. 2023

Materials

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Several leaks appeared in a mild steel (MS) pipe jet nozzle installed in a direct impact test rig after a few months of operation in erosive flow at the Centre for Erosion–Corrosion Research. The locations of perforation leaks were primarily upstream, but severe wall thinning was also noticed adjacent to the exit section. In this paper, a failure analysis was carried out on the leaking of a pipe jet nozzle, and the results are discussed in detail. The investigation carried out includes visual observation, scanning electron microscopy, 3D scanning, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and laser profilometry measurements. In addition, numerical simulations based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and the discrete phase model (DPM) were conducted to investigate the root cause of the failure of leaks in the pipe jet nozzle. Further CFD-DPM simulations were performed on three different pipe jet designs for liquid–solid flow conditions, and were compared to find an alternative design to prevent the failure of the pipe jet nozzles. It was found that the increase in turbulence along with multiple impacts of particles on the wall generate leaks and cracks in the pipe jet nozzle. Moreover, the CFD-DPM showed a five-fold reduction in the maximum erosion rate; this was observed in the replacement of failed pipes with the proposed alternative nozzle pipe design featuring a chamfer reducer section. The CFD-DPM analysis of all geometric configurations showed that alteration of reducer section design has the greatest impact on erosive wear mitigation.

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Erosion-Corrosion of Gathering Pipeline Steel in Oil-Water-Sand Multiphase Flow

Cited by 5 publications

References 30 publications

Influence of the Morphology of Eutectoid Steels on Corrosion Resistance in NaCl Aqueous Medium with and without CO2

Influence of the Morphology of Eutectoid Steels on Corrosion Resistance in NaCl Aqueous Medium with and without CO2

Time-Domain Numerical Simulation and Experimental Study on Pulsed Eddy Current Inspection of Tubing and Casing

Erosion–Corrosion Failure Analysis of a Mild Steel Nozzle Pipe in Water–Sand Flow

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