Ermittlung von Toxizitäts‐Grenzwerten für Zink, Kupfer und Blei in Hafer und Rotklee

Hodenberg, Adelheid V.; Finck, A.

doi:10.1002/jpln.19751380412

Cited by 20 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Although plant Cu concentrations seemed to be in the toxicity range, growth reduction due to Cu treatment was not observed in our trials. In other research, yield reduction was observed at 18 mg·kg -1 for oats (Avena sativa L.), red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) (Hodenberg and Finck, 1975), and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) (Beckett and Davies, which is in accordance with the literature. Iron supply was reported effective as Fe chelate in nutrient solution (Daniels et al, 1973) as was application of a solution of inorganic Fe 2+ salts to the leaves (Olsen et al, 1982).…”

Section: Copper In Plantssupporting

confidence: 88%

Characterization of Phytoavailable Copper in Compost-Peat Substrates and Determination of a Toxicity Level

Bucher¹

2000

jashs

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Heavy metal-sensitive `Express Orchid' petunias (Petunia ×hybrida Hort Vilm.-Andr. `Express Orchid') were grown in substrates of 2 green yard waste compost: 3 peat (v/v) with target Cu contents of 100 and 200 mg·kg-1 at varying pH. Iron supply was also varied. Copper contents of the substrate were determined by H2O, NH4NO3, NH4OAc, CaCl2, CaCl2-DTPA, and aqua regia extraction. Plant Cu concentration increased with increasing Cu supply and decreasing pH, indicating that Cu phytoavailability depended on substrate pH. Extraction of fresh substrates with CaCl2-DTPA provided a good prediction of plant Cu concentration and reflected well the influence of pH on Cu phytoavailability. The percentage of CaCl2-DTPA extractable Cu increased with decreasing pH. Extractions of Cu with NH4NO3, H2O, NH4OAc, and CaCl2 resulted in very low extractable amounts and hence were not suitable. Plants showed Cu toxicity induced iron-like deficiency chlorosis, which was alleviated by additional Fe supply. This Fe supply did not seem to affect total Fe concentration of petunias, but reduced Cu concentration of the shoots. Since yield reduction was not observed, the occurrence of chlorosis during the culture period was chosen as the toxicity parameter, resulting in a Cu threshold toxicity level of 12.3 mg.kg-1 plant dry weight. From this, a threshold toxicity level for CaCl2-DTPA extractable Cu in compost-peat substrates of 3 mg.L-1 substrate was determined. Chemical name used: diethylenetriamine-pentaacetic acid (DTPA).

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Section: Copper In Plantssupporting

confidence: 88%

Characterization of Phytoavailable Copper in Compost-Peat Substrates and Determination of a Toxicity Level

Bucher¹

2000

jashs

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“…The critical deficiency level of Cu in vegetative plant parts is generally in the range of 1-5 µg Cu g −1 DW depending on the plant species, plant organ, developmental stage and nitrogen supply (Thiel and Finck 1973;Robson and Reuter 1981). For most crop species, the critical toxicity level of Cu in the leaves is 20-30 µg Cu g −1 DW (von Hodenberg and Finck 1975;Robson and Reuter 1981). Copper concentration in shoot was within the critical deficient level at the 67 µM As level (Fig.…”

Section: Effect Of As On Microelements Concentration Accumulation Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical Toxicity Level of Arsenic and Elemental Composition of Arsenic-Induced Chlorosis in Hydroponic Sorghum

Shaibur

Kitajima²,

Sugawara³

et al. 2008

Water Air Soil Pollut

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Physiological and mineralogical responses of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. cv. Fast sorghum) in hydroponic culture at elevated concentrations of arsenic (As) were evaluated. Seedlings were grown in the presence of 0, 6.7, 33.5 and 67 µM As levels (0, 0.5, 2.5 and 5 mg As l −1 ) up to 14 days after treatments (DAT). Shoot and root dry matter yield were repressed by higher As levels. At low As level (6.7 µM) shoot dry matter yield was enhanced by 2.3% but at 33.5 and 67 µM As levels, the yield decreased by 52 and 79%, respectively. The root growth was similarly enhanced (8%) at the lower As level while the growth decrement at the higher As levels were 33 and 68%, respectively for the two treatments. Considering 10% dry weight (DW) reduction, the critical toxicity level of As was calculated to be 11.7 µg g −1 DW for shoot and 367 µg g −1 DW for root, indicating that shoot was more sensitive to As-toxicity than root. A whitish chlorotic symptom was observed in the fully developed young leaves at the 67 µM As level. The lowest chlorophyll content was also observed at this As level. Arsenic concentration increased both in shoot and in root with increase in solution As concentration. The concentrations of As and Fe were about 16, 28 and 17 times; and 2, 25 and 144 times higher in root than shoot at 6.7, 33.5 and 67 µM As levels, respectively. The concentrations of K, Fe and Cu were significantly lower while Ca, Mg and Mn concentrations were higher in the shoot at the 67 µM As level compared to the control plants. On the other hand, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu concentrations were higher in root at the 67 µM As level. In the shoot, accumulation and translocation of metal micronutrients, particularly that of Fe, decreased significantly because of the presence of As. The present observations suggested that As might induce a toxic effect on sorghum by hampering the translocation of the metal micronutrients. It is suggested that "As-induced FeWater Air Soil Pollut (deficiency" caused chlorotic symptoms in the hydroponically grown sorghum.

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“…Copper excess may also result in membrane damage [8] and suppression of enzyme activities [9]. For most crop species, the critical level for copper toxicity in leaves is above 20-30 g g −1 dry weight [10,11]. Others studies have been carried out to elucidate the mechanisms of photosynthesis inhibition by copper [7,12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of copper on growth in cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus) and its relationships with carbohydrate accumulation and changes in ion contents

et al. 2004

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Twenty-day-old cucumber plants were submitted to copper stress during 5 days. Leaf expansion rather than dry weight accumulation was the first target of copper inhibition. Despite of a higher copper accumulation in the second leaf (SL) rather than in the first (FL), photosynthesis decrease was more pronounced in the latter. Since leaf expansion declined, leaves became a weak sink and this might account for the observed accumulation of carbohydrates in leaves. This accumulation could induce a feedback inhibition of photosynthesis. The significant accumulation of starch and sucrose did not occur in roots and seemed to be confined to leaves. Copper was sequestered primarily in the roots. The ion distribution (calcium, potassium and magnesium) between roots and leaves of cucumber plants suggested that the uptake and the upward translocation of these ions could be altered by copper excess. The decrease in potassium content may have played a crucial role in the inhibition of leaf expansion. Moreover, in leaves, the observed decline of magnesium content could contribute to the reduction in net assimilation rate and to the accumulation of assimilates in leaves.

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Ermittlung von Toxizitäts‐Grenzwerten für Zink, Kupfer und Blei in Hafer und Rotklee

Cited by 20 publications

References 13 publications

Characterization of Phytoavailable Copper in Compost-Peat Substrates and Determination of a Toxicity Level

Characterization of Phytoavailable Copper in Compost-Peat Substrates and Determination of a Toxicity Level

Critical Toxicity Level of Arsenic and Elemental Composition of Arsenic-Induced Chlorosis in Hydroponic Sorghum

Effect of copper on growth in cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus) and its relationships with carbohydrate accumulation and changes in ion contents

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