ERK1/2 in immune signalling

Abstract

Extracellular signal-related kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) are the final components of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation cascade, an integral module in a diverse array of signalling pathways for shaping cell behaviour and fate. More recently, studies have shown that ERK1/2 plays an essential role downstream of immune receptors to elicit inflammatory gene expression in response to infection and cell or tissue damage. Much of this work has studied ERK1/2 activation in Toll-like receptor (TLR) pathways, providing mechanistic insights into its recruitment, compartmentalisation and activation in cells of the innate immune system. In this review, we summarise the typical activation of ERK1/2 in growth factor receptor pathways before discussing its known roles in immune cell signalling with a focus downstream of TLRs. We examine emerging research uncovering evidence of dysfunctional ERK1/2 signalling in inflammatory diseases and discuss the potential therapeutic benefit of targeting ERK1/2 pathways in inflammation.

A Network Pharmacology Approach to Elucidate the Anti-inflammatory Effects of Ellagic Acid

“…SELP is a type of cell adhesion molecule that is expressed on the surface of stimulated endothelial cells and activated platelets; SELP can mediate the interaction between leukocytes and endothelial cells, allowing leukocytes to “roll” along the surface of the endothelium, which is important for the recruitment of leukocytes to sites of inflammation (M. Chen & Geng, 2006). MAPK3 plays a key role in regulating various cellular processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival and has been shown to be upregulated in immune cells during inflammation, and its activation also is associated with the production of pro-inflammatory mediators, such as cytokines and chemokines (Lucas et al, 2022). In inflammation, VEGFA is important for recruiting of immune cells to the site of inflammation, forming of new blood vessels, maintaining the integrity of blood vessels, wound healing, and the development of the placenta during pregnancy; however, excessive, or uncontrolled production of VEGFA can contribute to the development of certain diseases, such as cancer (Scaldaferri et al, 2009; Shaik-Dasthagirisaheb et al, 2013).…”

“…MAPK3 plays a key role in regulating various cellular processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival and has been shown to be upregulated in immune cells during inflammation, and its activation also is associated with the production of pro-inflammatory mediators, such as cytokines and chemokines (Lucas et al, 2022). In inflammation, VEGFA is important for recruiting of immune cells to the site of inflammation, forming of new blood vessels, maintaining the integrity of blood vessels, wound healing, and the development of the placenta during pregnancy; however, excessive, or uncontrolled production of VEGFA can contribute to the development of certain diseases, such as cancer (Scaldaferri et al, 2009;Shaik-Dasthagirisaheb et al, 2013).…”

Tetrahedral-Framework Nucleic Acid Loaded with MicroRNA-155 Enhances Immunocompetence in Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppressed Mice by Modulating Dendritic Cells and Macrophages

“…The phosphorylation of ERK1/2 is related to the activation of inflammatory response in the immune process. ERK1/2 are two very similar extracellular signal-regulated kinases in the MAPK family . The phosphorylation of ERK1/2 is related to the activation of inflammatory response in the immune process.…”

“…ERK1/2 are two very similar extracellular signal-regulated kinases in the MAPK family. 49 The phosphorylation of ERK1/2 is related to the activation of inflammatory response in the immune process. For example, Mycobacterium tuberculosis leads to immune evasion by inhibiting ERK1/2 phosphorylation in antigen-presenting cells, resulting in decreased IL-6 secretion.…”

Knockout of the neonatal Fc receptor alters immune complex trafficking and lysosomal function in cultured podocytes

“…Phosphorylation of ERK1/2 is a critical step in promoting G1 to S transition and upregulating cell proliferation [ 25 ]. ERK1/2 signaling is also involved in the immune response [ 26 ]. We found that phospho-ERK1/2 was significantly upregulated in WT podocytes compared to KO podocytes 10 minutes after treatment with ICs.…”