Eritrea: a country in transition

Yohannes, Okbazghi

doi:10.1080/03056249308704001

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Furthermore, calculations of seismic attenuation in P-and S-waves at Nabro show that P-wave attenuation is significantly higher than S-wave attenuation across all seismic stations, which is generally attributed to partial saturation of a compressible fluid in cracks, fractures or pores (Winkler & Nur, 1979;Hauksson & Shearer, 2006;Amalokwu et al, 2014;Lapins, 2021a). Further evidence in support of the existence of gases in the upper subsurface is the significant post-eruption fumarolic activity observed at Nabro (Yohannes, 2012). Petrological analysis of melt inclusions erupted in 2011 indicates that melt-fluid separation occurred at depths of up to 18 km b.s.l., generating CO 2 rich fluids (Donovan et al, 2018).…”

Section: Lowmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…(Lapins, 2021a). Numerous fumaroles have been observed at Nabro after the eruption, which has led to its identification as a region of geothermal interest (Yohannes, 2012).…”

Section: The Crustal Substructure Beneath Nabro Calderamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The explosive activity generated significant tephra clouds and released 4.5 Tg of SO 2 into the atmosphere within the first 15 days, producing the largest stratospheric aerosol perturbation since the 1991 Pinatubo eruption (Theys et al, 2013;Fromm et al, 2014). Since the eruption, Nabro has been identified as one of the main geothermal prospects in Eritrea due to increased fumarolic activity at the surface (Yohannes, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seismic tomography of Nabro caldera, Eritrea: insights into the magmatic and hydrothermal systems of a recently erupted volcano

Gauntlett

Hudson

Kendall

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Understanding the crustal structure and the storage and movement of fluids beneath a volcano is necessary for characterising volcanic hazard, geothermal prospects and potential mineral resources. This study uses local earthquake traveltime tomography to image the seismic velocity structure beneath Nabro, an off-rift volcano located within the central part of the Danakil microplate near the Ethiopia-Eritrea border. Nabro underwent its first historically-documented eruption in June 2011, thereby providing an opportunity to analyse its post-eruptive state by mapping subsurface fluid distributions. We use a catalogue of earthquakes detected using machine learning methods to simultaneously relocate the seismicity and invert for the threedimensional P-and S-wave velocity structures (Vp, Vs) and the ratio between them (Vp/Vs). Overall, our model shows higher than average P-and S-wave velocities, suggesting the presence of older consolidated volcanic deposits or intrusive magmatic rocks in the crust. We identify an aseismic region of low Vp, low Vs and high Vp/Vs ratio at depths of 6-10 km b.s.l., interpreted as the primary melt storage region that fed the 2011 eruption. Above this is a zone of high Vs, low Vp and low Vp/Vs ratio, representing an intrusive complex of fractured rocks partially-saturated with over-pressurised gases. Our observations identify the persistence of magma in the subsurface following the eruption, and track the degassing of this melt through the crust to the surface. The presence of volatiles and high temperatures within the shallow crust indicate that Nabro is a viable candidate for geothermal exploration.

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Section: Lowmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…(Lapins, 2021a). Numerous fumaroles have been observed at Nabro after the eruption, which has led to its identification as a region of geothermal interest (Yohannes, 2012).…”

Section: The Crustal Substructure Beneath Nabro Calderamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Seismic tomography of Nabro caldera, Eritrea: insights into the magmatic and hydrothermal systems of a recently erupted volcano

Gauntlett

Hudson

Kendall

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The explosive activity generated significant tephra clouds and released 4.5 Tg of SO 2 into the atmosphere within the first 15 days, producing the largest stratospheric aerosol perturbation since the 1991 Pinatubo eruption (Fromm et al., 2014; Theys et al., 2013). Since the eruption, Nabro has been identified as one of the main geothermal prospects in Eritrea due to increased fumarolic activity at the surface (Yohannes, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seismic Tomography of Nabro Caldera, Eritrea: Insights Into the Magmatic and Hydrothermal Systems of a Recently Erupted Volcano

et al. 2023

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Modeling the crustal architecture of a volcano is of fundamental importance; interactions between magmatic and hydrothermal systems play a central role in volcanic unrest and eruption (e.g., Chouet & Matoza, 2013;Pritchard et al., 2019;Wilks et al., 2020). However, these systems are often poorly characterized, both due to their complexity and to the difficulty of probing the crust in sufficient detail. Further motivation for investigation is that volcanic-hosted hydrothermal systems may be a source of geothermal energy production (Reinsch et al., 2017) or metal-rich brines (Blundy et al., 2021).

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“…Since its declaration of independence in 1991 and subsequent admission into the establishment of independent nations, following the UN-organized plebiscite, there have been many studies that have explored Eritrea's success (see Mazrui, 1993;Yohannes, 1993;Haile, 1994;Iyob, 1995;Connell, 1997;Connell, 2001;Tronvoll, 2009;Engelbert, 2014), However, there is the need to further engage the discourse on secession in Africa. This is even more compelling with the recent secession of South Sudan from the Sudanese state as well as the rising prevalence of secessionist struggles and conflict across the continent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secession Outside the Colonial Context: The Birth of Eritrea in Retrospect

Osunkoya

Basiru

2018

JIS

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In light of the recent waves of secessionist struggle and conflict in Africa, a number of debates have spurred the possibility of secession outside the colonial context. Sourcing data from documentary materials coupled with the application of historical methods of data analysis, this article reflects on Eritrea's secession from Ethiopia in 1993. The study discusses and argues that Eritrea's feat in 1993 was made possible by certain domestic and external factors that did not present themselves to earlier secessionist movements. It concludes that without those factors that made Eritrea secession possible for its re-invention, furthermore, given that the forces that propelled the 1964 Cairo Agenda are still alive and formidable, secession outside the colonial context in Africa is likely to remain a difficult endeavor.

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Eritrea: a country in transition

Cited by 7 publications

References 1 publication

Seismic tomography of Nabro caldera, Eritrea: insights into the magmatic and hydrothermal systems of a recently erupted volcano

Seismic tomography of Nabro caldera, Eritrea: insights into the magmatic and hydrothermal systems of a recently erupted volcano

Seismic Tomography of Nabro Caldera, Eritrea: Insights Into the Magmatic and Hydrothermal Systems of a Recently Erupted Volcano

Secession Outside the Colonial Context: The Birth of Eritrea in Retrospect

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