Ergovaline does not alter the severity of ryegrass staggers induced by lolitrem B

Finch, Sarah C.; Vlaming, J. B.; Sutherland, B. L.; Koten, Chikako van; Mace, WJ; Fletcher, L. R.

doi:10.1080/00480169.2017.1416693

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The possibility also exists of a synergistic effect between the two toxin classes. In some New Zealand studies, there is the suggestion of ergovaline exacerbating ryegrass staggers (Fletcher and Easton 1997) while in others there has been no evidence for a synergistic effect of ergovaline to increase the effects of lolitrem B (Finch et al 2018). In Australia, occasional severe perennial ryegrass toxicity (PRGT) is observed in sheep and Reed et al (2016) concluded that the ingestion of ergot alkaloids combined with the impact of high solar radiation on the animals' heat load are important factors in this unusually severe form of ryegrass toxicity.…”

Section: Effects Of Ergovaline Identified In New Zealandmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ergot alkaloids in New Zealand pastures and their impact

Caradus¹,

Card

Finch

et al. 2020

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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In identifying endophytes for use in pastures in New Zealand there have been two strategies used, either exclusion of ergopeptine and lolitrem alkaloids or, retaining some ergopeptine expression to enhance the stability of natural defences against invertebrate pests. Both have their strengths and weaknesses. It is a matter of balancing these to ensure the end-user has access to a product that satisfies their needsa persistent pasture with low to nil animal toxicity in terms of animal production and welfare. The range and intensity of ergot alkaloids in grazed pasture on both pasture and ruminants is reviewed, with emphasis on New Zealand. Ergot alkaloids associated with pasture are produced by associations between certain Epichloë endophyte strains and temperate grasses. Ergot alkaloids have been shown to improve persistence of pasture through providing resistance/deterrence to insect pests as well as deterring grazing animals. However, ergovaline is toxic to grazing animals. Some commercially available ryegrass-endophyte associations can produce ergovaline concentrations close to those found in associations between ryegrass and the standard endophyte. It is feasible to eliminate ergot alkaloids from pasture grasses in New Zealand as endophyte strains are commercially available that do not express ergovaline and yet still provide excellent pest resistance.

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Section: Effects Of Ergovaline Identified In New Zealandmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ergot alkaloids in New Zealand pastures and their impact

Caradus¹,

Card

Finch

et al. 2020

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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“…In previous studies of active metabolites produced by Epichloë endophytes, only alkaloids have been proven to protect hosts from herbivory. Four types of alkaloids have been reported: ergot alkaloids, indole-diterpene alkaloids (such as lolitrem B), lolines and peramine, all of which have anti-insect activity, and the first two types can cause poisoning in livestock [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ]. The kinds of alkaloids produced in different grass–endophyte symbionts vary with the species of fungal endophytes; for example, Epichloë festucae var.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Research on Metabolites of Different Species of Epichloë Endophytes and Their Host Achnatherum sibiricum

Deng

Gao

et al. 2022

JoF

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Achnatherum sibiricum can be infected by two species of fungal endophytes, Epichloë gansuensis (Eg) and Epichloë sibirica (Es). In this study, the metabolites of Eg, Es, and their infected plants were studied by GC–MS analysis. The results showed that the metabolic profiles of Eg and Es were similar in general, and only six differential metabolites were detected. The direct effect of endophyte infection on the metabolites in A. sibiricum was that endophyte-infected plants could produce mannitol, which was not present in uninfected plants. Epichloë infection indirectly caused an increase in the soluble sugars in A. sibiricum related to growth and metabolites related to the defense against pathogens and herbivores, such as α-tocopherol, α-linolenic acid and aromatic amino acids. Epichloë infection could regulate galactose metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism, tyrosine metabolism and phenylalanine metabolism of host grass. In addition, there was a significant positive correlation in the metabolite contents between the endophyte and the host.

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“…Many of the naturally occurring E. coenophiala strains produce alkaloids of various classes-namely lolines, peramine, indole-diterpenes, and ergot alkaloidsof which some ergot alkaloids and some indole-diterpenes are toxic to mammals (Bacon et al, 1977;Bacon, 1995;Finch et al, 2018;McLeay et al, 1999;Takach and Young, 2014). Although it is feasible to eliminate the endophyte, because tall fescue does not require it to grow, it has been demonstrated that tall fescue lacking E. coenophiala does not persist as well as plants that harbor the endophyte (Bouton et al, 1993).…”

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confidence: 99%

Transcriptome Analysis and Differential Expression in Tall Fescue Harboring Different Endophyte Strains in Response to Water Deficit

Dinkins

Nagabhyru²,

Young

et al. 2019

The Plant Genome

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Core Ideas RNA‐seq was performed on four tall fescue clone pairs. Three Epichloë coenophiala strains were evaluated. Gene expression was compared for stressed and unstressed plants. Differentially expressed unigenes were identified. Few positive endophyte effects on stress tolerance were observed. Two tall fescue [Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) Darbysh. = Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort. = Festuca arundinacea var. arundinacea Schreb.] plant genotypes with an Epichloë coenophiala (Morgan‐Jones & W. Gams) C.W. Bacon & Schardl common toxic endophyte (CTE), one with a nontoxic strain (NTE19) and one with another Epichloë species (FaTG‐4) were evaluated and compared with their respective endophyte‐free clones for responses to water‐deficit stress in the greenhouse. One of the plant genotypes (P27) showed a positive effect of its CTE strain on tiller production after stress and resumed watering. In transcriptome analysis of the pseudostems (leaf sheath whorls), differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were defined as having at least twofold expression difference and false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05 in comparisons of water treatment (stressed or watered), endophyte presence or absence, or both. Stress affected 38% of the plant transcripts including those for the expected stress‐response pathways. The DEGs affected by endophyte in stressed plants were unique to individual plant genotypes. In unstressed plants, endophyte presence tended to reduce expression of genes putatively for defense against fungi, but in unstressed P27 endophyte presence there was enhanced expression of dehydrin and heat shock protein genes. Our results indicated subtle and variable effects of endophytes on tall fescue gene expression; where the endophyte confers protection, its effects on plant gene expression may help prime the plant for stress resistance.

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Ergovaline does not alter the severity of ryegrass staggers induced by lolitrem B

Cited by 6 publications

References 22 publications

Ergot alkaloids in New Zealand pastures and their impact

Ergot alkaloids in New Zealand pastures and their impact

Comparative Research on Metabolites of Different Species of Epichloë Endophytes and Their Host Achnatherum sibiricum

Transcriptome Analysis and Differential Expression in Tall Fescue Harboring Different Endophyte Strains in Response to Water Deficit

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