Ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitors. An overview of their history and contribution to medicine and agriculture

Abstract

Over the past 15 years, an increasing number of ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitors (EBIs) have been introduced in crop protection as fungicides, and in medicine as fungicides and bactericides. Their spectrum of activity and their systemic properties vary widely, depending on structural elements. By their high protective and curative activity the EBIs have greatly improved the level of disease control, both in plants and in man. However, the chemical and biological potential of this group has not yet been fully explored, particularly in the field of growth regulation.

Mechanism of Fungal Growth Suppression by Inhibitors of Ergosterol Biosynthesis

“…Since research on the growth and biochemical responses, as well as resistance, to sterol inhibitors has been recently reviewed (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14) this information will be covered here only insofar as neces sary to establish the background for a discussion on the molecular basis for fungal growth inhibition by these substances. Since most of the work has been conducted with C-14 demethylation inhibitors, emphasis will be given to them, particularly the azoles.…”

Plant growth regulation with triazoles of the dioxanyl type

“…As an additional mode of action, an influence on sterol biosynthesis should not be left out of consideration, especially since structurally related compounds are known to inhibit fungal ergosterol biosynthesis (Schwinn 1983).…”

Metabolic Differentiation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by Ketoconazole Treatment

“…Their major mode of action is the inhibition of steroid biosynthesis, being one of the most important primary metabolites in fungal cell membrane (Schwinn, 1984;Zarn et al, 2003). The primary target of these fungicides is C-14 demethylase, which catalyze the consecutive demethylation at 14 th carbon of lanosterol (Schwinn, 1984). Inhibition of this crucial step usually produces several unusual steroids.…”