Ergebnisse und Probleme der Psychotherapie mit Hilfe von LSD-25 und verwandten Substanzen

Leuner, Hanscarl; Holfeld, H.

doi:10.1159/000131142

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Both substances are used to produce model psychoses, which resemble in many ways schizophrenic experiences (Delay, 1962;tIoffer and Osmond, 1961) but are different in some other respects (ttollister and ttartman, 1962). LSD as well as psiloeybin (David and David, 1961;Fontana, 1961) have been used as aids in psychotherapy (Leuner, 1963(Leuner, , 1965Leuner and Baer, 1965;Mascher, 1966). Because of the minimal adverse reactions and the shorter duration of the effects, psiloeybin and its derivates are used increasingly instead of LSDin psychotherapy (Leuner, 1968).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autoradiographic studies on the distribution of psychoactive drugs in the rat brain

Hopf

Eckert

1969

Psychopharmacologia

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The distribution of 14C psilocin was studied in 74 regions of the rat brain, using autoradiograms of sagittal serial sections 1, 30 and 60 rain, 2, 4, 8 and 24 hours after intravenous injection.The absolute contents of psilocin in the various brain structures was determined by photometry and was found to range from 15.5 to 1.78 ~g/g brain weight after one minute and from 0.57 to 0.06 ~g/g brain weight after 24 hours.After the longer periods of time the highest values of psiloein were found in the neocortex, the hippocampus, and the thalamus, whilst the values were low in the hypothalamus, the nuclei of the so-called extra-pyramidal motor system and in the reticular formation.The distribution pattern of laC-psilocin was compared with the numerical nerve and glial cell density, the volume cell density, the capillary density, the contents of oxidative enzymes, the uptake of labelled amino acids, the lipid contents, and other patterns known through chemical or histochemical studies, but no meaningful correlation emerged. A very similar distribution pattern was found, however, in studies of neuroleptic and antidepressive drugs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autoradiographic studies on the distribution of psychoactive drugs in the rat brain

Hopf

Eckert

1969

Psychopharmacologia

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“…Although LSD was used in psychiatry at many clinics in the USA and Europe in the 1950s and 1960s, very few long-term follow-up studies have been done. Generally the results of the treatment were considered to be promising (Leuner and Holfield, 1962; Sandison and Whitelaw, 1957). However, early warnings (Frosch, Robbins and Stern, 1962; Grinker, 1963; Rinkel, 1966) and a wave of illegal use resulted in restrictions for its medical use and, soon after, withdrawal from the market (Larsen, 2013: 229; Ungerleider, 1968).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurotoxicity and LSD treatment: a follow-up study of 151 patients in Denmark

Larsen

2016

Hist Psychiatry

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LSD was introduced in psychiatry in the 1950s. Between 1960 and 1973, nearly 400 patients were treated with LSD in Denmark. By 1964, one homicide, two suicides and four suicide attempts had been reported. In 1986 the Danish LSD Damages Law was passed after complaints by only one patient. According to the Law, all 154 applicants received financial compensation for LSD-inflicted harm. The Danish State Archives has preserved the case material of 151 of the 154 applicants. Most of the patients suffered from severe side effects of the LSD treatment many years afterwards. In particular, two-thirds of the patients had flashbacks. With the recent interest in LSD therapy, we should consider the neurotoxic potential of LSD.

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“…Psychedelics induce pronounced changes in consciousness, including changes in perceptual experiences such as brightening of colours, synaesthesia, illusory patterns, or full-blown hallucinations and a sense of derealisation ( Hoch et al, 1952 ; Leptourgos et al, 2020 ; Leuner and Holfeld, 1962 ). These experiences are not unlike the experiences sometimes described in the early stages of clinical psychosis, sometimes referred to as the prodromal period, where patients often experience a heightening of the senses, and an inability to dissociate the important from the unimportant ( Bowers and Freedman, 1966 ; Chapman, 1966 ; Gouzoulis-Mayfrank et al, 1998 ).…”

Section: An Overview Of Acute Antidepressants With Psychotomimetic Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A continuum hypothesis of psychotomimetic rapid antidepressants

Haarsma

Harmer

Tamm

2021

Brain and Neuroscience Advances

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Ketamine, classical psychedelics and sleep deprivation are associated with rapid effects on depression. Interestingly, these interventions also have common psychotomimetic actions, mirroring aspects of psychosis such as an altered sense of self, perceptual distortions and distorted thinking. This raises the question whether these interventions might be acute antidepressants through the same mechanisms that underlie some of their psychotomimetic effects. That is, perhaps some symptoms of depression can be understood as occupying the opposite end of a spectrum where elements of psychosis can be found on the other side. This review aims at reviewing the evidence underlying a proposed continuum hypothesis of psychotomimetic rapid antidepressants, suggesting that a range of psychotomimetic interventions are also acute antidepressants as well as trying to explain these common features in a hierarchical predictive coding framework, where we hypothesise that these interventions share a common mechanism by increasing the flexibility of prior expectations. Neurobiological mechanisms at play and the role of different neuromodulatory systems affected by these interventions and their role in controlling the precision of prior expectations and new sensory evidence will be reviewed. The proposed hypothesis will also be discussed in relation to other existing theories of antidepressants. We also suggest a number of novel experiments to test the hypothesis and highlight research areas that could provide further insights, in the hope to better understand the acute antidepressant properties of these interventions.

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Ergebnisse und Probleme der Psychotherapie mit Hilfe von LSD-25 und verwandten Substanzen

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

Autoradiographic studies on the distribution of psychoactive drugs in the rat brain

Autoradiographic studies on the distribution of psychoactive drugs in the rat brain

Neurotoxicity and LSD treatment: a follow-up study of 151 patients in Denmark

A continuum hypothesis of psychotomimetic rapid antidepressants

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