Erfahrungen zur Prävention und Kontrolle von Legionellosen in Deutschland

Exner, M.; Pleischl, Stefan; Grummt, Hans-Jürgen; Engelhart, Steffen

doi:10.1007/s00103-011-1286-1

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(5 reference statements)

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“…The reason for this may be the complexity and age of water supply systems, which is particularly evident in health and aged care facilities. Although Legionella and P. aeruginosa had long been considered as a cause of waterborne infections associated with health care systems ( 10 , 51 , 52 ), these two parameters had not been correlated. HPC at 37 °C/48 h and HPC at 22 °C/78 h showed a significant positive correlation with the Legionella count (r s =0.25 and 0.33, respectively), which was also found by Solimini et al ( 53 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some EU member states, such as Germany, have introduced proactive strategies by imposing compulsory preventive monitoring of the presence of Legionella spp. in drinking water ( 10 ), while some have set limit values in national regulations, ranging from 100 CFU/L (Netherlands) to 1000 CFU/L (Germany, France) ( 11 ). In the USA, the EPA has not set a threshold for Legionella .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Is a Proactive Approach to Controlling Legionella in the Environment Justified?

Ivče¹,

Rončević

Šantić

et al. 2021

Food Technol. Biotechnol. (Online)

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Research background. Legionella are Gram-negative bacteria that are ubiquitous in the natural environment. Contaminated water in manmade water systems is a potential source of transmission of Legionnaires’ disease (LD). The aim of this study was to explore the prevalence of Legionella pneumophila (L. pneumophila) in the drinking water distribution system (DWDS) of Primorje-Gorski Kotar County (PGK County), Croatia, for the period 2013-2019, coupled with the incidence of LD. A number of L. pneumophila-positive samples (>100 CFU/L), serogroup distribution, and the degree of contamination of specific facilities (health & aged care, tourism, sports) were assessed. Based on the results obtained, the reasoning for the implementation of a mandatory Legionella environmental surveillance program was assessed. Experimental approach. Sample testing for Legionella was carried out according to ISO 1173. A Heterotrophic Plate Count (HPC) and P. aeruginosa were analysed along with the basic physico-chemical indicators of drinking water quality. The research period was divided into two parts, namely, the 2013-2018 period (before implementation of the prevention program, after the outbreak of LD), and year 2019 (proactive approach, no LD cases recorded). Results and conclusion. During the 7-year observation period in PGK County, an increase in the number of samples tested for Legionella was found. An increase in Legionella-positive samples (particularly pronounced during the warmer part of the year) was recorded, along with a growing trend in the number of reported LD cases. In addition to hot water systems, the risk of Legionella colonization also applies to cold water systems. Health & aged care facilities appear to be at highest risk. In addition to the higher proportion of positive samples and a higher degree of microbiological load at these facilities, the highest proportion of L. pneumophila SGs 2-14 was identified. Due to the diagnostic limitations of the applied tests, the number of LD cases is underdiagnosed. Novelty and scientific contribution. The introduction of a mandatory preventive approach to monitoring Legionella in DWDS water samples, along with the definition of national criteria for the interpretation of results, will create the preconditions for diagnosis and adequate treatment of larger numbers of LD cases.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is a Proactive Approach to Controlling Legionella in the Environment Justified?

Ivče¹,

Rončević

Šantić

et al. 2021

Food Technol. Biotechnol. (Online)

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Legionellosis on the Rise

Parr

Whitney²,

Berkelman³

2015

Journal of Public Health Management and Practice

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Implementation of a Legionella Ordinance for Multifamily Housing, Garland, Texas

Whitney

Blake

Berkelman

2017

Journal of Public Health Management and Practice

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Context:The incidence of legionellosis has sharply increased in the United States as a result of contaminated water systems. Jurisdictions across the country are considering whether to develop and implement regulations to protect individuals against Legionnaires' disease with its associated high morbidity and mortality.Objective:This article sheds light on the implementation and effectiveness of a 2005 citywide Legionella testing mandate of multifamily housing cooling towers in Garland, Texas. This ordinance has been in place for more than 10 years and represents the first of its kind in the United States to mandate routine testing of cooling towers for Legionella in multifamily housing.Design, Setting, and Population:We utilized a mix of both qualitative and quantitative methods to explore the development, adoption, and implementation of the ordinance. Phone interviews were conducted with individuals from the City of Garland Health Department and apartment managers. Quantitative data included public health surveillance data on legionellosis.Main Outcome Measures:Barriers and facilitators of implementation, number and percentage of cooling towers from multifamily housing units that tested positive for Legionella by year, and number of legionellosis cases by year in Garland, Texas.Results:Study outcomes highlight key themes that facilitated the successful implementation of the Legionella testing mandate, including the importance of timing, leadership support, stakeholder engagement, and education and outreach. The number of contaminated cooling towers was reduced over time.Conclusion:Mandatory monitoring for legionella in a local jurisdiction may result in reduced risk of legionellosis from cooling towers through raising awareness and education of building owners and managers about the need to prevent, detect, and remediate legionella contamination in their building water systems. Garland, Texas, broke new ground in the United States in moving toward primary prevention of legionellosis. The ordinance may be useful both in serving to educate and increase awareness about the need for Legionella prevention and to monitor effectiveness of maintenance procedures.

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Erfahrungen zur Prävention und Kontrolle von Legionellosen in Deutschland

Cited by 3 publications

References 16 publications

Is a Proactive Approach to Controlling Legionella in the Environment Justified?

Is a Proactive Approach to Controlling Legionella in the Environment Justified?

Legionellosis on the Rise

Implementation of a Legionella Ordinance for Multifamily Housing, Garland, Texas

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