Erfahrungen mit der HLA-DR-Typisierung in der Vaterschaftsserologie

Waltz, H.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-73330-7_11

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“…A further successful application area was in deficiency cases where close relatives had to be included instead of the putative father. The exclusion constellations in the HLA system are similar to blood groups with multiple alleles and inheritance by haplotypes: i) the child possesses a marker which neither the mother nor the putative father have; ii) the child does not have either of the markers (alleles) at one locus which the putative father has; iii) the child has a haplotype which the putative father does not have, whereby the haplotypes of the persons involved were determined by family investigations [84,93].…”

Section: Dausset Was Awarded the Nobel Prize For Medicine In 1980mentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Kinship Investigation from Blood Groups to DNA Markers

Geserick¹,

Wirth

2012

Transfus Med Hemother

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The forensic application of hereditary characteristics became possible after the discovery of human blood groups by Karl Landsteiner in 1901. The foundation for their use in kinship investigation was laid by Emil von Dungern and Ludwig Hirschfeld in 1910 by clarification of the inheritance of the ABO groups. Up to the middle of the 20th century further red cell membrane systems were discovered. From the 1920s Fritz Schiff and Georg Strassmann fought for the introduction of blood groups into forensic kinship investigation. A new era of hemogenetics was opened from 1955 as genetic polymorphisms were described in serum proteins. Starting in 1958 there followed the complex HLA system of white blood cells, which from 1963 was joined by polymophisms in erythrocyte enzymes. Therefore, from the 1980s, it was possible to clarify the majority of kinship cases with a combination of conventional markers. From 1990 to 2000 the conventional markers were gradually replaced by the more effective DNA markers. Simultaneously typing shifted from the phenotype level to the genotype level. The genomic structure of con ventional genetic markers could also now be explained. As a reflection of scientific progress the legal situation also changed, particularly in the form of the official guidelines for kinship investigation.

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Section: Dausset Was Awarded the Nobel Prize For Medicine In 1980mentioning

confidence: 99%