Erection of Ibirhynchus gen. nov. (Acanthocephala: Polymorphidae), Based on Molecular and Morphological Data

García-Varela, Martìn; León, Gerardo Pérez‐Ponce de; Aznar, Francisco Javier; Nadler, Steven A.

doi:10.1645/ge-2350.1

Cited by 33 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In particular, it is possible that the ancestor that was the origin of these forms came from a single colonization event in the marine realm. The phylogenetic trees obtained here are in accordance with the results described previously by García-Varela et al (2000, 2002, 2011.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The phylogenetic trees herein obtained are in accordance with previous molecular and morphological phylogenetic hypotheses for acanthocephalans, which support the monophyly of this group (García-Varela et al 2000, 2002, 2011. The absence of DNA sequences deposited in the GenBank for Bolbosoma balaenae only allows placing the species within the phylogeny of the group.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

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Nyctiphanes couchii as intermediate host for the acanthocephalan Bolbosoma balaenae in temperate waters of the NE Atlantic

Gregori¹,

Aznar²,

Abollo³

et al. 2012

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Cystacanths of the acanthocephalan Bolbosoma balaenae (Gmelin, 1790) were found encapsulated in the cephalothorax of the euphausiid Nyctiphanes couchii (Bell, 1853) from temperate waters in the NE Atlantic Ocean. Euphausiids were caught in locations outside the Ría de Vigo in Galicia, NW Spain, and prevalence of infection was up to 0.1%. The parasite was identified by morphological characters. Cystacanths were 8.09 ± 2.25 mm total length (mean ± SD) and had proboscises that consisted of 22 to 24 longitudinal rows of hooks, each of which had 8 or 9 hooks per row including 2 or 3 rootless ones in the proboscis base and 1 field of small hooks in the prebulbar part. Phylogenetic analyses of 18S rDNA and cytocrome c oxidase subunit I revealed a close relationship with other taxa of the family Polymorphidae (Meyer, 1931). The results extend northwards ot the known distribution of B. balaenae. Taxonomic affiliation of parasites and trophic ecology in the sampling area suggest that N. couchii is the intermediate host for B. balenae, and we suggest that the whales Balaenoptera physalus (Linnaeus, 1758) and B. acutorostrata (Lacepède, 1804) are its definitive hosts. This life cycle is probably completed with or without paratenic hosts.KEY WORDS: Acanthocephala · Cystacanths · Bolbosoma balaenae · Zooplankton · Nyctiphanes couchii · NE Atlantic Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherDis Aquat Org 99: [37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47] 2012 part of the diet of other vertebrates that serve as definitive hosts for a number of parasites. In addition, euphausiids are also a sizeable ingredient of the diet of some marine mammals (Raga et al. 2009). Despite the fact that parasites have great ecological importance, their recruitment (especially for acanthocephalans) in the lower levels of the food web and the role that they play is poorly understood.Adult polymorphid acanthocephalans are intestinal parasites of marine mammals, fish-eating birds and waterfowl. Bolbosoma (Porta, 1908) and Corynosoma (Lühe, 1904) are two of the main genera of intestinal parasites that infect marine mammals (Aznar et al. 2006). The life cycle of Bolbosoma species is thought to involve pelagic marine zooplankton, especially pelagic euphausiids and copepods, as an intermediate host (Hoberg et al. 1993) and different species of fish as paratenic (transport) hosts (Raga et al. 2009). The juvenile forms of acanthocephalans are cystacanths, which are morphologically similar to the mature worms but differ from them in the size of the trunk and the degree of development of the sexual organs (Zdzitowiecki 1991, Hoberg et al. 1993. Moreover, these juvenile forms are widely considered to be the infective stage for definitive hosts. These cystacanths appear contracted with an introverted proboscis and neck inside cysts of the intermediate and paratenic hosts. The genus Bolbosoma, established for Acanthocephala from whales, contains 15 species (Amin 1985) and has a worldwide distribution (Measure...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Nyctiphanes couchii as intermediate host for the acanthocephalan Bolbosoma balaenae in temperate waters of the NE Atlantic

Gregori¹,

Aznar²,

Abollo³

et al. 2012

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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“… Reference Host Origin Bolbosoma sp. Callorhinus ursinus St. Paul Island, Alaska, USA JX442190 García-Varela et al, 2013 Corynosoma australe Phocarctos hookeri New Zealand JX442191 García-Varela et al, 2013 C. enhydri Enhydra lutris Monterey Bay, California, USA DQ089719 García-Varela et al, 2013 C. magdaleni Phoca hispida saimensis Lake Saimaa, Finland EF467872 García-Varela et al, 2011 C. magdaleni isolate Pv1NS Phoca vitulina North Sea MF078642 this study Cand. C. nortmeri sp.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 85%

Prevalence and molecular characterisation of Acanthocephala in pinnipedia of the North and Baltic Seas

Waindok

Lehnert

Siebert

et al. 2018

International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife

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Harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) and grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) are final hosts of acanthocephalans in the German North and Baltic Seas. Parasitic infections in seals can cause pathological changes, which may result in deteriorated health of the host. Common gastrointestinal parasites of harbour and grey seals are acanthocephalans and a number of 275 of 2460 (11.2%) investigated seals from 1996 to 2013 were infected with Corynosoma spp. (Acanthocephala, Polymorphidae). The prevalence showed a wave-like pattern: it increased from 1.2% and 0.4% in 1996 and 1997, respectively, to 23.9% during the second phocine distemper epizootic in 2002 and decreased to 6.2% in 2004. In 2005, prevalence peaked again with 25.0% followed by a decrease to 9.3% in 2009 and an increase to 38.5% in 2012. Statistical analysis revealed that harbour seals originating from the North Sea showed a higher prevalence than grey seals, whereas no significant difference between grey and harbour seals from the Baltic Sea was observed. Furthermore, juvenile pinnipedia from the North Sea were significantly less infected with Corynosoma spp. than seals older than seven month. Molecular species identification as well as phylogenetic relationship analysis among the detected Corynosoma species were achieved by sequencing and comparisons of the ribosomal ITS1-5.8S-ITS2-complex and cytochrome-c-oxidase I gene. Molecular analysis resulted in a newly arranged distribution of Acanthocephala in the North Sea as in contrast to previous studies, C. strumosum could not be confirmed as predominant species. Instead, C. magdaleni and a C. magdaleni isolate (isolate Pv1NS) with an atypical number of longitudinal rows of hooks at the proboscis were detected. Furthermore, morphological and molecular analyses indicate the possible finding of a cryptic species (Candidatus Corynosoma nortmeri sp. nov.).

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“…; García‐Varela et al . , ). The inferred COI protein sequences were obtained with GENIUS Pro v.5.1.4 (Drummond et al .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The taxonomic position of this species has been unstable for decades; moreover, it has been shown, with molecular data, that this species belongs to a clade of polymorphids composed by four species, Hexaglandula corynosoma + Ibirhynchus dimorpha and Southwellina hispida + Polymorphus brevis (García‐Varela et al . , ). In Mexico, the cystacanths of this species have been found in 15 localities, 13 of them in freshwater bodies across central Mexico, while the rest come from northern and south‐eastern Mexico (García‐Prieto et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

UsingDNAbarcoding to link cystacanths and adults of the acanthocephalanPolymorphus brevisin central Mexico

Alcántar-Escalera

García-Varela

Vázquez‐Domínguez³

et al. 2013

Molecular Ecology Resources

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In parasitic organisms, particularly helminths, the usage of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene as the standard DNA barcoding region for species identification and discovery has been very limited. Here, we present an integrated study, based on both DNA barcoding and morphological analyses, for acanthocephalans belonging to the genus Polymorphus, whose larvae (cystacanths) are commonly found in the mesentery of freshwater fishes, while adults are found in the intestine of fish-eating birds. The alpha taxonomy of parasitic helminths is based on adult morphological traits, and because of that larval forms cannot be identified to species level based on morphology alone. DNA barcoding offers an alternative tool for linking larval stages of parasitic organisms to known adults. We sequenced cystacanths collected from freshwater fishes in localities across central Mexico and adults obtained from fish-eating birds, to determine whether they were conspecific. To corroborate the molecular results, we conducted a morphometric analysis with 'Proboscis profiler', which is a software tool developed to detect heterogeneity in morphologically similar acanthocephalans based on the multivariate statistical analysis of proboscis hook dimensions. Both sources of information indicate that cystacanths infecting freshwater fishes in central Mexico belong to a single species, Polymorphus brevis.

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Erection of Ibirhynchus gen. nov. (Acanthocephala: Polymorphidae), Based on Molecular and Morphological Data

Cited by 33 publications

References 26 publications

Nyctiphanes couchii as intermediate host for the acanthocephalan Bolbosoma balaenae in temperate waters of the NE Atlantic

Nyctiphanes couchii as intermediate host for the acanthocephalan Bolbosoma balaenae in temperate waters of the NE Atlantic

Prevalence and molecular characterisation of Acanthocephala in pinnipedia of the North and Baltic Seas

UsingDNAbarcoding to link cystacanths and adults of the acanthocephalanPolymorphus brevisin central Mexico

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