Erection ofEuterranovan. gen. andNeoterranovan. gen. (Nematoda, Anisakidae), with the description ofE.dentiduplicatan. sp. and new records of two other anisakid nematodes from sharks off New Caledonia

Abstract

Helminthological examinations of three species of sharks, Galeocerdo cuvier, Triaenodon obesus (both Carcharhinidae, Carcharhiniformes) and Stegostoma fasciatum (Stegostomatidae, Orectolobiformes) from New Caledonian waters, carried out during 2003–2005, revealed the presence of three species of adult anisakid nematodes referable to Terranova Leiper et Atkinson, 1914. However, this genus can no longer be considered valid, because its type species has been designated a species inquirenda. Therefore, the present nematodes are assigned to two newly established genera, Euterranova n. gen. [type species E. dentiduplicata n. sp.] and Neoterranova n. gen. [type species N. scoliodontis (Baylis, 1931) n. comb.], based mainly on different labial structures. Euterranova dentiduplicata n. sp. from the stomach of S. fasciatum is mainly characterized by the presence of lips with two rows of denticles. Innominate specimens of Euterranova (a female and a third-stage larva) were collected from the digestive tract of T. obesus. Specimens of N. scoliodontis were recorded from G. cuvier. The two named species are described based on light and scanning electron microscopical examinations. Neoterranova scoliodontis has previously been recorded in New Caledonian waters from the same host species. Species previously attributed to Terranova are transferred to Euterranova (5 species), Neoterranova (4 species) or considered species inquirendae (10 species). Since Pseudoterranova Mozgovoy, 1950 was found to be a nomen nudum according to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN), the available name of this genus is Pseudoterranova Mozgovoy, 1953. A key to Porrocaecum-like nematode genera (Porrocaecum, Pseudoterranova, Pulchrascaris, Euterranova, and Neoterranova) is provided.

Occurrence and abundance of zoonotic nematodes in snapper Chrysophrys auratus, a popular table fish from Australian and New Zealand waters

“…Very little is known about Terranova larval types compared to other Anisakid nematodes ( Moravec and Justine, 2020 ). The larvae belonging to the genera Pulchrascaris , Terranova , and Pseudoterranova look morphologically similar and are all referred to as Terranova larval types ( Shamsi and Suthar, 2016a ).…”

“…( Arizono et al, 2011 ; McClelland, 2002 ; Menghi et al, 2020 ; Torres et al, 2007 ; Weitzel et al, 2015 ). Although, Terranova type A larva has been reported for two cases of human infection in Korea ( Lee et al, 1985 ; Seo et al, 1984 ), however this requires further investigation ( Moravec and Justine, 2020 ). The phylogenetic tree grouped Terranova type II sequences obtained in the present study independently from the registered sequences for Ascaridoid nematodes larvae and adults in GenBank with 100% posterior probability value ( Fig.…”

Faunal change over three decades to reveal Rotundocollarette capoori n. gen., n.sp., a unique anisakid from Johnius dussumieri at the Central west coast of India at Goa

“…The taxonomic status of genus Pseudoterranova was recognized (Moravec and Justine, 2020) to have been established by Mozgovoy (1953). Moravec and Justine (2020) also endorsed the validity of genus Pulchrascaris like Deardorff (1987), Bruce and Cannon (1990), Shamsi, Barton and Zhu (2020).…”

“…populations also seem to have disappeared in this fish.Instead, the current worms collected from another co-existing fish, were harboured by the sciaenid fish of family Sciaenidae, Johnius dussumieri that has become freshly infected.Therefore, this change of nematode fauna in fish of sciaenid fish has been significant over longer period of time, particularly because roundworms of Camallanidae were scarcely observed, and those of Anisakidae never ever occurred in Sciaenidae. Moravec and Justine (2020) emphatically argued that in the absence of details of labial characteristics, morphological details of caeca, ventriculus, ventricular appendix, vulva, caudal papillae, spicules and the associated structures, it was difficult to ascertain species characters of genus Terranova. A good number of studies conducted by using molecular methods have been helpful to resolve features of species significance under genera Terranova, Pseudoterranova and the related taxa, particularly when larvae were collected from a wide variety of host fishes.…”

“…Till such time the incredible information available in world literature on a great variety of helminths, particularly in Indian context, should be dealt with utmost care. It is advisable to make fresh collections from the areas where senior Helminthologists conducted studies in yesteryears, so that SEM and molecular details could be retrieved to make descriptions complete, instead of discarding the wealth of information available without re-examining the worms (Moravec and Justine, 2020), that are already on record. One such detailed investigation published on molecular analysis by Malhotra and Jaiswal (2015) has cautioned that discarding the descriptions available on record, without making fresh collections of helminths could be a dangerous precedent.…”