Erect cholecystosonography

Albarelli, Judith N.

doi:10.1002/jcu.1870030416

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…2 It has been recommended that the real time examination for stones be performed with the patient in the supine and RAO positions, and occasionally the erect position. 1,2,6 Only one prior study has attempted to address the subject of prone gallbladder ultrasonographic examination. 3 That study used a technique different from ours, the gallbladder being scanned from a right lateral intercostal space in the midaxillary line, with the patient lying prone.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Value of prone positioning in the ultrasonographic diagnosis of gallstones: prospective study.

Hough

Glazebrook

Paulson

et al. 2000

Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine

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To determine prospectively the value of prone/postprone positioning in the sonographic detection of gallstones, 682 patients were scanned in the recumbent, erect, and prone or postprone positions. The gallbladder was evaluated for an intraluminal hyperechoic focus, shadowing, and gravitational dependence and was identified in 679 patients. Among these, 28% had cholelithiasis. In five cases, prone positioning alone revealed gallstones. In 11 of 140 cases, gravitational dependence was only seen with prone scanning. The gallbladder was seen more frequently when the patients were prone than erect. Prone or postprone scanning is a useful supplement to the gallbladder examination, allowing increased demonstration of gravitational dependence and increased stone detection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Value of prone positioning in the ultrasonographic diagnosis of gallstones: prospective study.

Hough

Glazebrook

Paulson

et al. 2000

Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine

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Process‐Scale Chromatography

Jagschies¹

2000

Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry

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The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Chromatographic Techniques 2.1. Adsorptive Methods 2.1.1. Ion‐Exchange Chromatography 2.1.2. Affinity Chromatography 2.1.3. Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography 2.1.4. Reversed Phase Chromatography 2.2. Gel Filtration 3. Downstream Strategy 3.1. Number of Preparative Steps 3.2. Preparation of an Optimal Raw Material 3.3. Development of a Chromatographic Purification System 3.3.1. Screening of Chromatographic Methods (Method Scouting) 3.3.1.1. The Gel Bank 3.3.1.2. Experimental Data 3.3.2. Logical Sequence of Chromatographic Steps 3.3.2.1. Selection Criteria 3.3.2.2. The Starting Step 3.3.2.3. Subsequent Steps 4. Optimization 4.1. Purpose of Optimization 4.2. Optimization Parameters 4.2.1. Resolution 4.2.2. Throughput 4.3. Optimization of Ion‐Exchange Chromatography 4.4. Optimization of Affinity Chromatography 4.5. Optimization of Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography 4.6. Optimization of Gel Filtration 5. Scaling Up 5.1. Transfer Protocol 5.2. Practical Examples and Case Studies 5.3. Dimensioning of a Purification Cycle 6. Process‐Scale Chromatography Plants 6.1. Basic Design Requirements 6.2. Plant Design 6.2.1. The Chromatography Column 6.2.2. Process Monitoring 6.2.3. Pumps and Valves 6.2.4. Automation and Safety Devices 6.3. Effects of Apparatus on Separation 7. Quality Assurance 8. Developments

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