“…The surface morphology and elemental mapping in the synthesized amorphous composite materials confirm abated agglomeration. This proves the effectual inclusion of phosphorus in the glass matrix which restrains agglomeration with the addition of rare earth ions [46]. The constitution of elements in the glass samples is confirmed in the EDX spectra with silica and oxygen having the highest ratio and relatively smaller proportions of calcium and praseodymium added to the oxide glass matrix.…”
Multi-component silicate glasses doped with 0, 0.5, 1, and 1.5 mol% of praseodymium (Pr3+) were synthesized by the sol-gel method. Thermal analysis of the glasses, evinced a high working temperature of 351 °C and Hruby coefficient, KH = 1.415 in the highly doped system, corroborating the effective role of Pr3+ ions in endowing superior thermal stability to the glass. Broadband dielectric spectroscopy was applied to study the temperature-dependent electrical behavior of the glasses for their suitability as electrodes and solid electrolyte materials in batteries. A high dielectric constant of 4797 was evidenced at 1 kHz when recorded at 473 K. The AC conductivity of the glass doped with 1 mol% was observed to be the highest with 94.8 x 10-5 S/cm at 10 MHz and 473 K. Jonscher’s power law exponent decreased with temperature, attributing the conducting mechanism to the Correlated Barrier Hopping (CBH) model. The Nyquist impedance spectra demonstrated a depressed semicircle with a spur at the low-frequency end, validating the non-Debye relaxation in the glasses. The equivalent circuitry of the plot predicted parallel combinations of resistor and constant phase elements which reflects a Warburg diffusion and capacitive approach. Bode’s phasor diagram confirmed the capacitive nature by a phase angle of -90 ° in all the glasses. While a uniform increase in dielectric constant and conductivity was observed up to 1 mol% of Pr3+, a sharp decline in the electrical phenomenon was observed with 1.5 mol% of Pr3+, due to the possible blockade of the hopping of charge carriers by the largely quantified dopant ions. Extracting a high dielectric constant, and ionic conductivity at high frequencies, with an optimal dopant concentration of 1 mol% Pr3+, the composite glasses could be considered for their potential use in integrated microcomponent storage devices as cathode and solid electrolyte materials.
“…The surface morphology and elemental mapping in the synthesized amorphous composite materials confirm abated agglomeration. This proves the effectual inclusion of phosphorus in the glass matrix which restrains agglomeration with the addition of rare earth ions [46]. The constitution of elements in the glass samples is confirmed in the EDX spectra with silica and oxygen having the highest ratio and relatively smaller proportions of calcium and praseodymium added to the oxide glass matrix.…”
Multi-component silicate glasses doped with 0, 0.5, 1, and 1.5 mol% of praseodymium (Pr3+) were synthesized by the sol-gel method. Thermal analysis of the glasses, evinced a high working temperature of 351 °C and Hruby coefficient, KH = 1.415 in the highly doped system, corroborating the effective role of Pr3+ ions in endowing superior thermal stability to the glass. Broadband dielectric spectroscopy was applied to study the temperature-dependent electrical behavior of the glasses for their suitability as electrodes and solid electrolyte materials in batteries. A high dielectric constant of 4797 was evidenced at 1 kHz when recorded at 473 K. The AC conductivity of the glass doped with 1 mol% was observed to be the highest with 94.8 x 10-5 S/cm at 10 MHz and 473 K. Jonscher’s power law exponent decreased with temperature, attributing the conducting mechanism to the Correlated Barrier Hopping (CBH) model. The Nyquist impedance spectra demonstrated a depressed semicircle with a spur at the low-frequency end, validating the non-Debye relaxation in the glasses. The equivalent circuitry of the plot predicted parallel combinations of resistor and constant phase elements which reflects a Warburg diffusion and capacitive approach. Bode’s phasor diagram confirmed the capacitive nature by a phase angle of -90 ° in all the glasses. While a uniform increase in dielectric constant and conductivity was observed up to 1 mol% of Pr3+, a sharp decline in the electrical phenomenon was observed with 1.5 mol% of Pr3+, due to the possible blockade of the hopping of charge carriers by the largely quantified dopant ions. Extracting a high dielectric constant, and ionic conductivity at high frequencies, with an optimal dopant concentration of 1 mol% Pr3+, the composite glasses could be considered for their potential use in integrated microcomponent storage devices as cathode and solid electrolyte materials.
“…The time decay of the emission lines gives strong indications about the intersystem structure [57][58][59] of the Ni-Sn as prepared, temperature-annealed samples at 300, 650, and 900 °C, and the as-prepared laser-irradiated samples. Figure 10 presents the time decay raw data.…”
In this study, a new approach methodology is employed to modify the structural, optical, and photoluminescence properties of Ni2O3/SnO2(NO/TO) nanocomposites. The effects of temperature and laser irradiation on a specific system were analyzed and described using XRD, XPS, and TEM. The diffraction patterns indicate the presence of two distinct phases within the NO/TO system. The XPS results reveal a robust underlying interaction between Ni2O3 and SnO2, exhibited by the observed shifts in the peak positions of Ni 2p, Sn 3d, and O 1s. The TEM images demonstrate the formation of hexagonal and half-hexagonal forms with varying orientations, as well as the emergence of elongated tetragonal shapes, upon increasing the temperature to 900 °C. the notable enhancement in light absorption, with the absorption bands spanning a wide range in the UV-Vis spectra, specifically from approximately 300 nm to around 800 nm in the near-infrared (NIR) regions. The broad range of PL emission bands identified by this mixture of nanoparticles, expanding from the UV to the near and intermediate IR region, demonstrated that NO/TO nanocpomposites are considerably defective. The NO/TO nanocomposites exhibit efficient multi-color band emissions at ambient conditions, rendering them promising contenders for deployment in optoelectronic nanodevices, including blue, yellow, and white band emission light-emitting diodes and NIR luminescence bioimaging.
Applications of lasers in phototherapy have been the trend for the last few decades. The photodynamic therapy process normally depends on photosensitizers and laser beams. Through this study, indocyanine green has been used as a photosensitizer, which is normally activated using laser lines between 750 and 805 nm. The activity of the indocyanine green to do fluorescence by other pulsed laser sources has been tested by fluorescence technique, and it has been proven that the laser lines at 810, 940, and 980nm are able to excite the indocyanine green with different extents. The indocyanine green activation has been tested by several laser lines (810, 940, and 980 nm) commonly used as surgical lasers. The generated oxygen has been measured after irradiating the indocyanine green with the different laser lines. A comparison has been made between laser irradiation as a pinpoint and a broad beam. It is found that the wide beam is more effective in activating oxygen production. In the end, it is concluded that lines 810 and 940nm were effective in activating the used dye, while the 980nm activity did not show enough efficiency.
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