Eradication of Blastocystis in humans: Really necessary for all?

Kurt, Özgür; Al, Funda Doğruman; Tanyüksel, Mehmet

doi:10.1016/j.parint.2016.01.010

Cited by 61 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Limited evidence of family outbreak [253] but no waterborne outbreaks. Its significance as a human pathogen is unclear [254][255][256]. Transmission is probably by contaminated food and water.…”

Section: Blastocystis Hominismentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate Change and Water-Related Infectious Diseases

Nichols

Lake²,

Heaviside

2018

Atmosphere

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Background: Water-related, including waterborne, diseases remain important sources of morbidity and mortality worldwide, but particularly in developing countries. The potential for changes in disease associated with predicted anthropogenic climate changes make water-related diseases a target for prevention. Methods: We provide an overview of evidence on potential future changes in water-related disease associated with climate change. Results: A number of pathogens are likely to present risks to public health, including cholera, typhoid, dysentery, leptospirosis, diarrhoeal diseases and harmful algal blooms (HABS). The risks are greatest where the climate effects drive population movements, conflict and disruption, and where drinking water supply infrastructure is poor. The quality of evidence for water-related disease has been documented. Conclusions: We highlight the need to maintain and develop timely surveillance and rapid epidemiological responses to outbreaks and emergence of new waterborne pathogens in all countries. While the main burden of waterborne diseases is in developing countries, there needs to be both technical and financial mechanisms to ensure adequate quantities of good quality water, sewage disposal and hygiene for all. This will be essential in preventing excess morbidity and mortality in areas that will suffer from substantial changes in climate in the future.Atmosphere 2018, 9, 385 2 of 60 which do not suffer the consequences of extreme events to the same extent [4]. Due to the lifetime of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, and the timescales associated with ocean warming, even if global CO 2 emissions were curtailed immediately, the effects on the earth's climate, including increasing temperatures and sea level rise would continue for a number of decades before starting to plateau [2]. However, this should be seen as a general call to action to reduce emissions as soon as possible, given that the impacts are likely to extend beyond current conditions and there are indications that economic investment now will be likely to reduce costs later [5]. There is also a need to develop adaptations to cope with changes in climate. Recent research highlighting the health benefits of limiting future temperature rises to the more ambitious target of 1.5 • C rather than 2 • C, in line with the Paris agreement of 2016, further emphasises the need to limit emissions [6].Climate change affects health in a number of ways, and the impacts vary both geographically and between different populations. A growing and ageing population in much of the world means that the proportion of the population who are vulnerable to the effects of climate change will increase in the future [7]. The most direct impacts from climate change are from the effects of high temperatures, and from acute impacts relating to extreme events such as storms, floods and heatwaves. These physical or meteorological stressors can produce direct health effects, such as physical injury, illness, or mental health impacts du...

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Section: Blastocystis Hominismentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate Change and Water-Related Infectious Diseases

Nichols

Lake²,

Heaviside

2018

Atmosphere

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“…The infection could be found with the other invasive organism including Entamoeba histolytica, Dientamoeba fragilis, or Giardia lamblia so considering the supplementary anti-protozoal drugs is mandatory. Moreover, the self-limiting nature of the disease is evident from the study, vacuolar form was diminished suddenly without any intervention after 60 days of incubation still the cystic phase remains positive in feces for the extended period after the absence of symptoms [35,36].…”

Section: Managementmentioning

confidence: 73%

Blastocytosis hominis: Unboxing Its Clinical Significance

Rozi

Darlan

2019

Sumat. Med. J.

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Abstract. Blastocystis hominisis a unicellular parasite classified as stramenopiles found in human and other mammals. The prevalence varies depending on the region, higher in developing country. The organism is transmitted via fecal-oral route by ingestion of oocyst contaminated food or water. Travelers also have high-risk of having blastocytstis infection. Based on recent studies, several proposed virulence factor are also identified but it remains elusive. The advanced technique has been used to describe its genetic variation and diversity that might be related to its clinical significance. There are 6 distinct morphological forms of Blastocystis including vacuolar, granular, ameboid, and cystic form. The cystic form is considered as an infective form of the organism. Exposure to animals is suggested as the other transmission route, consequently, the infection is also considered as zoonotic infection. It can produce broad clinical manifestation ranging from asymptomatic, self-limiting diarrhea until severe watery diarrhea, depends on host factors and the organism subtype. The organism can produce pruritus and urticaria, proved in literature. Since its pathogenicity remains unclear, conservative management is still suggested to all asymptomatic-symptomatic blastocytosis patients in accordance to patient’s immune status.

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“…As parasitoses intestinais afetam pessoas de todas as idades e sexos, podendo comprometer a capacidade produtiva de milhares de indivíduos 13 18 não há dúvidas quanto à patogenicidade do B. hominis, a qual se caracteriza por um quadro de gastroenterite, dor abdominal, prurido anal, flatulência, meteorismo, náusea, vômito e diarreia, sem presença de leucócitos ou sangue nas fezes [19][20][21] , embora estas sintomatologias fiquem na dependência de alguns fatores como interações com o hospedeiro e microbiota, além da imunidade do hospedeiro 18 . Apesar do potencial de causar morbidade significativa em populações expostas a este agente, em alguns casos pode haver cura espontânea 22 .…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Parasitoses Intestinais Em Pacientes Atendidos No Hospital Das Clínicas Da Faculdade De Medicina De Marília-Sp

et al. 2019

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O objetivo desta pesquisa foi verificar a prevalência de enteroparasitoses em pacientes atendidos no Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Marília-SP. Desta forma foi realizado um estudo descritivo e analítico, do tipo transversal retrospectivo, com coleta dos dados no Sistema Hospitalar Informatizado do Laboratório de Parasitologia da Faculdade de Medicina de Marília. Entre janeiro de 2012 a dezembro de 2017 foram analisadas 14.343 amostras. Os dados de prevalência foram representados por razão de prevalência e seus respectivos Intervalos de Confiança de 95%. Diferenças significativas entre anos ou faixa etárias foram determinadas pela não intersecção dos limites inferiores e superiores de seus IC95%. Observaram-se 2.149 amostras positivas para parasitas, predominando Blastocystis hominis (10,13%), Giardia lamblia (3,35%) e Strongyloides stercoralis (1,16%). Pode-se inferir que a redução da prevalência das parasitoses é o resultado de políticas públicas pelo uso de medicamentos profiláticos no intuito de interromper a transmissão fecal-oral e não somente pela melhora da infraestrutura sanitária.

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Eradication of Blastocystis in humans: Really necessary for all?

Cited by 61 publications

References 65 publications

Climate Change and Water-Related Infectious Diseases

Climate Change and Water-Related Infectious Diseases

Blastocytosis hominis: Unboxing Its Clinical Significance

Parasitoses Intestinais Em Pacientes Atendidos No Hospital Das Clínicas Da Faculdade De Medicina De Marília-Sp

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