ER stress induced by ER calcium depletion and UVB irradiation regulates tight junction barrier integrity in human keratinocytes

Role of pro‐inflammatory cytokines in the pathophysiology of herpes simplex virus superinfection in Darier’s disease

“…Differentiation by ER stress in KC might contribute to EH progression in patients with DD since HSV-1 can replicate more effectively in differentiated KC than in undifferentiated KC. 6,8 We demonstrated that IL-6 and TNFα induced enhanced HSV-1 growth in differentiated KC (Figure 3b). HSV infection induced IL-33 expression in KC.…”

“…4 Disrupted tight junction (TJ) via severe ER stress increases susceptibility to HSV infections in DD because TJ is a major physical barrier for HSV-1 invasion into the tissue. [5][6][7] Here, we report two unique cases of the exacerbation of DD after the development of severe EH. In order to determine the factors that could trigger the exacerbation of DD, serum cytokines were serially measured, and the relationship between pro-inflammatory cytokines, gene expressions in DD and HHD, and HSV growth was analyzed in vitro.…”

“…EH may progress to systemic infection that manifests as fever, malaise, encephalitis, and septic shock 4 . Disrupted tight junction (TJ) via severe ER stress increases susceptibility to HSV infections in DD because TJ is a major physical barrier for HSV‐1 invasion into the tissue 5–7 …”

A Case of Darier’s Disease with a Novel Missense Mutation in ATP2A2 Successfully Treated with Calcipotriol/Betamethasone Dipropionate Two-Compound Ointment

“…7 Certain ER stresses, such as wounds, infections, or UV exposure, to the keratinocytes of patients with DD may downregulate ATP2A2 expression from the intact allele, leading to the reduction in SERCA2 proteins and resultant depletion of the ER Ca 2+ store. 8 The depletion of the ER Ca 2+ store leads to the decreased expression of sphingosine kinase and its product, sphingosine 1-phosphate, 9 and/or decreased activity of protein kinase Cα in the ER. 10 The suppression of these kinases impairs the distribution of desmoplakin, desmoglein 3, desmocollin 3, or E-cadherin to plasma membranes, inducing acantholysis, 9 , 10 or reduces late-differentiation proteins in keratinocytes, such as involucrin, 9 or survival proteins, such as Bcl-2, 11 inducing abnormal differentiation and apoptosis, leading to dyskeratosis.…”

Protein palmitoylation-mediated palmitic acid sensing causes blood-testis barrier damage via inducing ER stress

“…ER stress activates the unfolded protein response (UPR), which is linked to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and these biological processes instigate each other to disrupt cellular homeostasis [ 13 ]. ER stress has also been reported to regulate barrier integrity [ 14 ]. Thus we investigated whether PA induces barrier disruption and ER stress in Sertoli cells.…”