The crystal structure of phase IV RbNO 3 has been determined at room temperature (298 K) and, closer to the IV --, III transition, at 403 K by three-dimensional single-crystal neutron diffractometry. The crystal system is trigonal, space group P31 (or its enantiomorph P32), with a = 10.55 (2), c = 7.47 (2)A at 298 K and a = 10.61 (1), c = 7.55 (1)A at 403 K, and Z = 9. The single-crystal neutron diffraction intensity data for 298 K were severely affected by extinction. Inclusion of anisotropic extinction correction and anisotropic temperature factors in the least-squares refinement of 1080 reflections (equivalents, not averaged) gave a converged conventional R-factor value of 0.068. The least-squares refinement for 451 independent reflections of 403 K intensity data, with isotropic extinction correction and anisotropic temperature factors, gave a converged conventional R factor value of 0.078. The structure, at both temperatures, has the Rb atoms forming a pseudocubic sublattice with nine pseudocubes per unit cell. The NO3-groups' configurations within the unit cell are derived from an asymmetric unit of three NO 3 groups..-Average N--O distances and O-lq-O angles are 1.25 (1) A and 119 (1) ° at 298 K, and 1.20 (1)A and 119 (2) ° at 403 K. Each NO 3 group is essentially parallel to one of the faces of its surrounding Rb-atom pseudocube and one of the N-O bonds is also almost parallel to a pseudocube cell edge.