Equivalencing the collector system of a large wind power plant

Muljadi, Eduard; Butterfield, C.P.; Ellis, Abraham; Mechenbier, J.; Hochheimer, J.; Young, R.; Miller, N.W.; Delmerico, R.W.; Zavadil, R.; Smith, James C.

doi:10.1109/pes.2006.1708945

Cited by 196 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Equivalent representations of the WPP collector system are made to simplify power system modeling for future developments or planned expansions [20]. The MV cable system and other components such as capacitor banks and reactive filters contribute to the collector impedance Z col (s).…”

Section: Collector Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Harmonic resonances in Wind Power Plants: Modeling, analysis and active mitigation methods

Freijedo

Chaudhary

Teodorescu

et al. 2015

2015 IEEE Eindhoven PowerTech

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Abstract-This work reviews the state-of-the-art in the field of harmonic resonance problems in Wind Power Plants (WPPs). Firstly, a generic WPP is modeled according to the equivalent circuits of its passive and active components. Main focus is put on modeling active components, i.e. the ones based on power converters. Subsequently, pros and cons of frequency and time domain analysis methods are outlined. The next sections are devoted to mitigation methods implemented in the power electronics converters. From the wind turbine perspective, different techniques to enhance the robustness of the controller are analyzed. Subsequently, the suitability for active damping of harmonics using STATCOM devices is assessed, with focus both on control techniques and power converter technologies.

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Section: Collector Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The collector topology has an influence on harmonic propagation [2]. An insightful case study for a large WPP is provided in [20].…”

Section: Collector Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Harmonic resonances in Wind Power Plants: Modeling, analysis and active mitigation methods

Freijedo

Chaudhary

Teodorescu

et al. 2015

2015 IEEE Eindhoven PowerTech

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“…REMTF recommends that the single-machine equivalent model shown in Figure 1, be used. The reduction of a detailed collector system power flow model to a single-machine equivalent is referred to as -equivalencing‖-see [1], [2]. Generally, the idea is to select appropriate equivalent power flow data for each of the components in the equivalent model such that the active and reactive power flow at the POI for the equivalent aggregated model is the same as for the detailed model, over the full plant operating range.…”

Section: Figure 2 -Sample Pv System Topologymentioning

confidence: 99%

PV system modeling for grid planning studies

Ellis

Behnke²,

Barker³

2011

2011 37th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference

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Validated electrical performance models of power system components are required to support a range of power system planning studies, interconnection studies and plant design. This includes steady-state (power flow) models, detailed transient models for the study of electromagnetic interactions, dynamic models for the study of electromechanical phenomena, and short circuit models. Transmission and distribution simulation platforms commonly used by system planners do not presently have full-featured models for PV systems representation. Interest in positive-sequence power flow and dynamic models has increased recently due to the trend toward larger PV system plant sizes, both commissioning and interconnection applications, and interest in understanding the possible impacts of high PV penetration levels on grid performance. Compared to conventional generator models, PV system models are very much a work in progress. This paper describes advances in power flow and dynamic modeling of PV systems for grid planning studies based on on-going efforts by the Western Electricity Coordinating Council (WECC) Renewable Energy Modeling Task Force (REMTF). The goal of REMTF is to improve the adequacy, availability and accessibility of PV system models for grid planning and interconnection studies. PV SYSTEM MODELSIn the past, most grid-connected PV deployment consisted of small isolated residential and commercial-scale installations on distribution systems. Concerns about safety and grid compatibility were addressed by adherence to IEEE 1547 standards and associated inverter certification. A formal evaluation involving technical studies and simulations was seldom required. Currently applicable interconnection procedures still allow for small PV systems to be installed with minimal technical evaluations when the systems are relatively small and the penetration level is relatively low. Today, many proposed PV installations are large enough to warrant a full interconnection study that involves power flow, dynamic and short-circuit simulations. A different set of standards and procedures apply, including those issued by the North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) and the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC). Access to adequate PV system models for regional planning requirements and to process the growing queue of large utility scale PV interconnection applications needs to be improved.Currently, standard library models for PV systems are not widely available. Interconnection studies are typically conducted with manufacturer-specific, user-written models that tend to be proprietary. These types of models are discouraged for the purposes of regional planning studies. Confidentiality issues complicate a study process that often involves multiple stakeholders. In addition, manufacturer-specific models are difficult to maintain, document and use, compared to standard library models. Even in the context of interconnection studies, the userwritten models can become very difficult to work with in practice. In ...

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“…The WECC equivalencing method was first published for reducing a collector system of a large wind power plant [15]. The method reduces a multi-machine system with varying impedances between the collector and the wind turbine generators to a single equivalent machine and single equivalent impedance representation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The simplest implementation of this method assumes that all turbines have the same power output and rating, so the I Zm terms in (1) for current can be represented by the number of downstream turbines and I total is the total number of turbines [15]. The more advanced method uses the actual current in the lines to allow for different turbine or inverter ratings [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formulating a simplified equivalent representation of distribution circuits for PV impact studies.

Reno¹,

Broderick²,

Grijalva³

2013

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With an increasing number of Distributed Generation (DG) being connected on the distribution system, a method for simplifying the complexity of the distribution system to an equivalent representation of the feeder is advantageous for streamlining the interconnection study process. The general characteristics of the system can be retained while reducing the modeling effort required. This report presents a method of simplifying feeders to only specified buses-ofinterest. These buses-of-interest can be potential PV interconnection locations or buses where engineers want to verify a certain power quality. The equations and methodology are presented with mathematical proofs of the equivalence of the circuit reduction method. An example 15-bus feeder is shown with the parameters and intermediate example reduction steps to simplify the circuit to 4 buses. The reduced feeder is simulated using PowerWorld Simulator to validate that those buses operate with the same characteristics as the original circuit. Validation of the method is also performed for snapshot and time-series simulations with variable load and solar energy output data to validate the equivalent performance of the reduced circuit with the interconnection of PV. 4 5

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Equivalencing the collector system of a large wind power plant

Cited by 196 publications

References 3 publications

Harmonic resonances in Wind Power Plants: Modeling, analysis and active mitigation methods

Harmonic resonances in Wind Power Plants: Modeling, analysis and active mitigation methods

PV system modeling for grid planning studies

Formulating a simplified equivalent representation of distribution circuits for PV impact studies.

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