Equivalence classification, learning by exclusion, and long-term memory in pinnipeds: cognitive mechanisms demonstrated through research with subjects under human care and in the field

Biolsi, Kristy L.; Woo, Kevin L.

doi:10.1007/s10071-022-01658-w

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 119 publications

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“…There has been interest in developing variations of the blank comparison procedure in nonhumans—particularly to address the question of whether nonhumans are capable of learning through exclusion (the selection of a correct alternative by elimination of the other incorrect alternatives). While there are a number of demonstrations of exclusion across a broad range of nonhuman species including chimpanzees (Beran and Washburn 2002 ), capuchin monkeys (Goulart et al 2005 ; Jiménez et al 2017 ), California sealions (Kastak & Schusterman, 2002 ; Biolsi and Woo 2022 for a review), dogs (Aust et al 2008 ; Kaminski et al 2004 ; Pilley & Reid, 2011 ; Zaine et al 2016 ), rats (de Souza and Schmidt 2014 ), pigeons (Clement and Zentall 2003 ), keas (O’Hara et al 2016 ) and bees (Scienza et al 2019 ), most of these studies did not use the blank comparison procedure. Rather, they trained subjects on simple or conditional discriminations and then demonstrated exclusion by selection of a novel stimulus when paired with an S- on a trial.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

This or not that: select and reject control of relational responding in rats using a blank comparison procedure with odor stimuli

Wolff,

Galizio,

Bruce

2024

Anim Cogn

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The blank comparison (BLC) task was developed to assess stimulus relations in discrimination learning; that is, are subjects learning to “select” the correct stimulus (S+) or “reject” the incorrect stimulus (S-) or both? This task has been used to study exclusion learning, mostly in humans and monkeys, and the present study extends the procedure to rats. The BLC task uses an ambiguous stimulus (BLC+/-) that replaces S+ (in the presence of S-) and replaces S- (in the presence of S+). In the current experiment, four rats were trained to remove session-novel scented lids from sand-filled cups in a two-choice, simultaneous presentation procedure called the Odor Span Task (OST) before being trained on the BLC procedure using odors as the discriminative stimuli. The BLC training procedure utilized simple discrimination training (S+ and S-) and added select (S+ and BLC-) and reject (BLC+ and S-) trial types. All rats demonstrated accurate performance in sessions with both select and reject type trials. Next, BLC probe trials were interspersed in standard OST sessions to assess the form of stimulus control in the OST. Rats performed accurately on select type probe trials (similar to baseline OST performance) and also showed above chance accuracy on reject type trials. Thus, we demonstrated that rats could acquire an odor-based version of the BLC task and that both select and exclusion-based (reject) relations were active in the OST. The finding of exclusion in rats under the rigorous BLC task conditions confirms that exclusion-based responding is not limited to humans and non-human primates.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

This or not that: select and reject control of relational responding in rats using a blank comparison procedure with odor stimuli

Wolff,

Galizio,

Bruce

2024

Anim Cogn

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“Cognition in marine mammals: the strength of flexibility in adapting to marine life”

2022

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In this theme issue, our multidisciplinary contributors highlight the cognitive adaptations of marine mammals. The cognitive processes of this group are highly informative regarding how animals cope with specifics of and changes in the environment, because, not only did modern marine mammals evolve from numerous, non-related terrestrial animals to adapt to an aquatic lifestyle, but some of these species regularly move between two worlds, land and sea. Here, we bring together scientists from different fields and take the reader on a journey that begins with the ways in which modern marine mammals (whales, dolphins, seals, sea lions and manatees) utilize their perceptual systems, next moves into studies of the constraints and power of individuals’ cognitive flexibility, and finally showcases how those systems are deployed in social and communicative contexts. Considering the cognitive processes of the different marine mammals in one issue from varying perspectives will help us understand the strength of cognitive flexibility in changing environments—in marine mammals and beyond.

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Equivalence classification, learning by exclusion, and long-term memory in pinnipeds: cognitive mechanisms demonstrated through research with subjects under human care and in the field

Cited by 2 publications

References 119 publications

This or not that: select and reject control of relational responding in rats using a blank comparison procedure with odor stimuli

This or not that: select and reject control of relational responding in rats using a blank comparison procedure with odor stimuli

“Cognition in marine mammals: the strength of flexibility in adapting to marine life”

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