Equity in health in unequal societies: meeting health needs in contexts of social change

Bloom, Gerald

doi:10.1016/s0168-8510(01)00121-x

Cited by 49 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The concept of equity has been extensively used in different disciplines, e.g., geography (3,4), medicine (5,6), sociology (7,8), economy (9), and political sciences (10). In the decisionmaking field, equity measures are commonly used to assess the economic and social impacts of different development scenarios.…”

Section: Equity Conceptsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Constraint [4] defines the equity measure as being dependent on the road type assigned to the various links of the network (several alternatives for the equity measure are presented below). Constraints [5] guarantee that each link will be set at one, and only one, road type. For some links, it may be undesirable to choose some road types because of environmental reasons.…”

Section: Design Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Integrating Equity Objectives in a Road Network Design Model

Santos

Antunes

Miller

2008

Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation R

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The traditional approach to the road network design problem focuses on the optimization of the network efficiency under a given budget. Generally, this leads to the improvement of roads next to the largest population centers, where travel demand is higher. Such implications are not consistent with sustainable development principles since this will tend to increase the dissimilarities between large and small centers' welfare. Notwithstanding this, equity issues were rarely taken into account in road network design. Moreover, all existing studies rely on a single equity measure. In this paper we propose a brief review of equity concerns in transportation planning and present a comparison of alternative equity measures. We selected three different equity measures and incorporated them into an accessibility-maximization road network design model. The three equity measures considered reflect different perspectives on equity: the accessibility to low-accessibility centers; the dispersion of accessibility values across all centers (Gini Coefficient); and the dispersion of accessibility values across all centers and across centers in the same region (Theil Index). The implications of adopting each one of these equity measures are illustrated through the application of the optimization model to three random networks.

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Section: Equity Conceptsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Design Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating Equity Objectives in a Road Network Design Model

Santos

Antunes

Miller

2008

Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation R

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“…While some lowincome countries have adopted these tools, many have adapted an approach of dictating compliance to standards in a rigid and bureaucratic manner. Even though few countries have the capacity to enforce such regulations effectively, this remains a common approach in India and other post-colonial countries [1]. Alternative approaches that do not depend on government enforcement capabilities therefore need to be tried.…”

Section: Strategizing and Implementing Changementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Questions are increasingly raised about how reforms are conceived and conducted, and what effect they have on health programmes and peopleÕs health. In addition to concerns about who gains or loses from health sector reforms [1][2][3][4], those involved with sexual and reproductive health or other specific health programmes need to know how reforms affect their areas of interest [4,5]. In this paper, I argue that addressing these questions is central to the role of oversight in the health sector.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Role of Oversight in the Health Sector: The Example of Sexual and Reproductive Health Services in India

Peters

2002

Reproductive Health Matters

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Evaluation dilemmas: Lessons learned in improving intervention outcomes and sustainability in Latin American communities

Zambrana,

Lovato,

Burgos

2024

New Drctns Evaluation

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A significant number of studies on program evaluations in Latin America have limited, if any, information on procedures, impact, and sustainability. Scholarly work emphasizes how evaluation designs must be deeply cognizant of socioeconomic, ecological, and resource contexts to be effective. The purpose of this article is to bring together research findings from three types of knowledge centered on evaluation processes and practices for working within Latin American countries. A scan of the empirical literature, expert interviews, and a case study are triangulated to assess the barriers and impacts of program evaluations in economically disadvantaged Latin American countries. We conclude by describing long‐standing principles and guidelines for evaluation procedures to promote community engagement and human capital development in all evaluation collaborations. Lessons learned reinforce the tenets of culturally responsive evaluation (CRE) procedures as critical to reproduce interventions that improve the lives of communities. Equity, contextual knowledge, and equal partnership are driving forces in centering social problems and developing human capital and the betterment of community conditions in our partnering countries.

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Equity in health in unequal societies: meeting health needs in contexts of social change

Cited by 49 publications

References 21 publications

Integrating Equity Objectives in a Road Network Design Model

Integrating Equity Objectives in a Road Network Design Model

The Role of Oversight in the Health Sector: The Example of Sexual and Reproductive Health Services in India

Evaluation dilemmas: Lessons learned in improving intervention outcomes and sustainability in Latin American communities

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