Equity Impacts of Transportation Improvements On Core and Peripheral Cities

Leck, Eran; Bekhor, Shlomo; Gat, Daniel

doi:10.5198/jtlu.v1i2.48

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…However, only by the mid-1990s, a growing interest in the relationship between social justice and transport was evident (Beyazit 2011). The issues that drew academia's attention included challenges such as disability, inaccessibility, gender, colour, age, ethnicity, income and class (Banister 1994;Church et al 2000;Bullard et al 2000;Sánchez et al 2003;Rajé et al 2004;Beyazit 2011), and indicators such as income (Cervero, Landis 1997;Leck et al 2008;Beyazit 2011), travel poverty (Lucas et al 2001;Lucas 2005) and social participation (Putnam 2000;Banister 2005). In addition, various academics focused on the intersection of transport infrastructure, social equality and civil rights.…”

Section: The Techno-politics Of Transport and Urban Form And The Production Of Urban And Transport (In)justicementioning

confidence: 99%

Analysing (In)Justice in the Interplay of Urbanisation and Transport: The Case of Agrarian Extractivism in the Region of Urabá in Colombia

López

Broeck

2021

Quaestiones Geographicae

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Infrastructural design, transport and mobility policies are strong instruments for interpreting historical urban and regional transformation processes. The paper addresses the intercausalities between both of them. To do so, it briefly sketches debates on the causalities of transport infrastructure and urbanisation and the theory of technological politics, drawing attention to the relationship between transport infrastructure and politics, and how infrastructures and their techno-political frames include means of power and authority. From there, the paper moves to the debate on the relationship between social justice and transport, showing how transport systems embody social processes and social (in)injustice. The history of agrarian extractivism in the region of Urabá in Colombia serves as a case study. The paper shows how existing transport networks of the region of Urabá have supported the expansion of agrarian extractivist industries and more specifically the production of transport (in)justice. It explores the development of the infrastructural network, transport systems and urbanisation of this region from the early 1900s onwards. Results show how the actual agrarian extractivist industries of the region are causing huge challenges related to the overlapping of transport scales, congestion and risks of accidents in urban areas, and how actual transport dynamics in the region are affecting urban development, generating a high segregation characterised by uneven distributions of public services and transport infrastructures. The paper reveals that the existing transport developments in the region of Urabá have no support for local development and are mainly thought for the efficiency of agrarian extractivist industries over local economic development. Agrarian extractivism has been a consistent factor in the economic, political and social spheres, and since colonial times the appropriation of natural resources and the dispossession of territories has been omnipresent. This paper explores the historical role of transport in agrarian extractivism, the long-term impact of the prolongation of old mechanisms, and the interrelations of the latter with current urbanisation and development. It concludes that infrastructural developments in this region have supported agrarian extractivist industries, first in colonial times, but also more recently, showing the deep embeddedness of the relation between mobility and urbanity in the (agrarian extractivist) development history of this region.

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Section: The Techno-politics Of Transport and Urban Form And The Production Of Urban And Transport (In)justicementioning

confidence: 99%

Analysing (In)Justice in the Interplay of Urbanisation and Transport: The Case of Agrarian Extractivism in the Region of Urabá in Colombia

López

Broeck

2021

Quaestiones Geographicae

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“…Accessibility is important not only from an economic perspective, but also from a social perspective. e ability to access to employment, health care, education, and services is critical to the welfare of a population (Leck et al 2008). Accessibility can be seen as a proxy for measuring welfare, if we accept that the welfare of individuals is related to the ease with which they can access essential services (Hay 1993).…”

Section: Accessibility and Equitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…e concept of accessibility allows us to establish links between transportation and equity. Equity is concerned with the spatial distribution of income and of the resources that affect people's opportunities and quality of life (Leck et al 2008). e increase or decrease of disparities can be measured by inequality indices employed in economic literature (Cowell 1995), such as the coefficient of variation.…”

Section: Accessibility and Equitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficiency and equity of orbital motorways in Madrid

Martı́n

Palomares

Gutiérrez

et al. 2010

JTLU

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Orbital motorways are major structuring elements in the metropolitan areas of developed countries. They can be considered as key components within the transport network of large urban agglomerations, funneling a great amount of intra- and inter-metropolitan traffic. This paper explores the equity and efficiency effects of orbital motorways on accessibility, using the beltways of Madrid as a case study. It is well known that orbital impacts differ depending on their location within the metropolitan area (inner and outer) as well as the activity distributional performance (agglomeration vs. decentralization of activities). These topics have received very little attention in previous studies. The paper extracts some policy considerations with respect to accessibility disparities within metropolitan areas and compares relative changes from the spatial perspective.

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“…Equity has been a major concern in public transport, and inadequate transit supply could result in the social exclusion of vulnerable population groups who are disproportionately transit dependent, preventing them from having equal access to economic and social opportunities (Leck, Bekhor, & Gat, 2008;Delbosc & Currie, 2011;Xia et al, 2016). A lack of transit-based accessibility to employment opportunities can lead to low job participation and long-term poverty of people who are transit dependent (Sanchez, 1999;Fan, 2012;Fan, Guthrie, & Levinson, 2012;Welch, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inequitable job accessibility across educational and hukou groups in Beijing: An analysis of transit-based accessibility to sectoral jobs

Sun

Fan

2018

JTLU

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This paper documents inequitable transit-based accessibility to sectoral jobs among population groups with different educational attainment and hukou status in Beijing, China. A cumulative transit-based job accessibility measure is applied and multiple data sources are used, including the transit travel-time data from a Chinese web mapping service and the population and employment distribution data from the 2010 Population Census and the 2013 Economic Census of Beijing. We find clear differences in transit-based job accessibility among employment sectors and among population groups in Beijing. On average, jobs in the finance sector are the most accessible by transit, and jobs in the manufacturing sector are the least accessible by transit. Despite having the highest transit dependency, the low-educated migrant population has the lowest transit-based job accessibility regardless of employment sectors. The disparities are especially large when tying specific populations with specific sectors. Within 60 minutes, the low-educated migrant population using transit, on average, can only access 4.6% of total manufacturing jobs in Beijing. In contrast, the same measure for the highly educated local population accessing jobs in the finance sector is as high as 48.3%. The findings suggest that general transit improvements and jobs and population redistribution efforts, without specific sectoral and population considerations, are unlikely to create equal access to job opportunities. In Beijing, greater attention must be paid to connect the low-educated migrant population to low-skilled and decentralized jobs in the manufacturing, construction, and transportation and storage sectors.

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Equity Impacts of Transportation Improvements On Core and Peripheral Cities

Cited by 14 publications

References 28 publications

Analysing (In)Justice in the Interplay of Urbanisation and Transport: The Case of Agrarian Extractivism in the Region of Urabá in Colombia

Analysing (In)Justice in the Interplay of Urbanisation and Transport: The Case of Agrarian Extractivism in the Region of Urabá in Colombia

Efficiency and equity of orbital motorways in Madrid

Inequitable job accessibility across educational and hukou groups in Beijing: An analysis of transit-based accessibility to sectoral jobs

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