Equity impact of interventions and policies to reduce smoking in youth: systematic review

Brown, Tamara; Platt, Stephen; Amos, Amanda

doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2013-051451

Cited by 91 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 52 publications

(150 reference statements)

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“…The imperative to address the unequal distribution of smoking comes after decades of research showing the potentially unequal influence of tobacco control initiatives on smoking behaviour. 21 This issue remains critically important in light of the deficient evidence on interventions able to reliably reduce smoking-related inequalities 22,23 and the widening of inequalities in smoking initiation over time. [24][25][26] Consistent with an increasing amount of research on young adult initiation, [10][11][12][13] we found that proportions of initiation made during young adulthood had not decreased in our retrospective cohorts between 2001 and 2013.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These include school-based and community interventions, anti-smoking media campaigns, tobacco advertising restrictions, and youth access restrictions. 2,3 Certain public health institutions, including the Surgeon General's Office 4 and the Institute of Medicine, 5 have proposed to extend this age bracket up to 25 years of age and establish new priorities specific to the young adult (18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25) age group. In Canada, cigarette smoking prevalence is now highest among young adults.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Trends in smoking initiation in Canada: Does non-inclusion of young adults in tobacco control strategies represent a missed opportunity?

Gagné

Veenstra

2017

Can J Public Health

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OBJECTIVES: Young adults face high prevalence rates for smoking. Recent evidence suggests that many people initiate smoking during young adulthood, but little is currently known about trends in initiation rates for this age group. METHODS:We examined rates of initiation to first cigarette (FC) and daily smoking (DS) during youth (5-17 years) and young adulthood (18-25 years) using nationally representative data from the 2001, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2009, 2011 and 2013 cycles of the Canadian Community Health Survey. We included all participants aged 25-26 to obtain seven mutually exclusive retrospective cohorts (n = 16 216). We used logistic regression to examine four correlates of smoking -sex, education, poverty status, and immigration status -and whether these factors modify time trends in smoking. RESULTS:We found that initiation rates decreased during youth (p < 0.001 for FC, p = 0.02 for DS) but not during young adulthood (p = 0.94 for FC, p = 0.28 for DS). We found that men and respondents with fewer educational credentials had relatively higher odds of initiating during young adulthood. Trends in young adulthood stayed constant across subgroups. Trends in youth were modified by education: participants who did not complete high school had no decrease in initiation to FC and DS while those with post-secondary education experienced a decrease in both outcomes. CONCLUSION:Tobacco control has failed to address smoking initiation during young adulthood. Given the considerable amount of initiation that occurs during this period, practitioners and policy-makers should direct more of their planning toward young adults.KEY WORDS: Smoking; young adult; socioeconomic factors; Canada La traduction du résumé se trouve à la fin de l'article.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in smoking initiation in Canada: Does non-inclusion of young adults in tobacco control strategies represent a missed opportunity?

Gagné

Veenstra

2017

Can J Public Health

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“…4 Adolescents from lower socioeconomic status (SES) backgrounds are more price-sensitive to such increases than those from higher SES backgrounds. 6 In Australia, increased cigarette prices have been strongly associated with reductions in smoking across the general population, lower SES quintiles and adolescents. 7,8 Between 1990 and 2005, the average price of a cigarette rose from $0.18 to $0.41.…”

Section: Price and Tax Measures To Reduce Demand For Tobaccomentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors influencing reductions in smoking among Australian adolescents

Dessaix¹,

Maag²,

McKenzie³

et al. 2016

Public Health Research & Prac

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A continued increase in the proportion of adolescents who never smoke, as well as an understanding of factors that influence reductions in smoking among this susceptible population, is crucial. The World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control provides an appropriate structure to briefly examine Australian and New South Wales policies and programs that are influencing reductions in smoking among adolescents in Australia.This paper provides an overview of price and recent tax measures to reduce the demand for tobacco, the evolution of smoke-free environment policies, changes to tobacco labelling and packaging, public education campaigns, and restrictions to curb tobacco advertising. It also discusses supplyreduction measures that limit adolescents' access to tobacco products. Consideration is given to emerging priorities to achieve continued declines in smoking by Australian adolescents.

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“…This broad range of smoking-related outcomes was included in order to encompass the diverse ways in which tobacco control policies can influence youth smoking-related outcomes.' (Brown, Platt, and Amos 2014a) • 'Changes in equity of access -increased access for disadvantaged groups or a reduction in gaps in coverage -could also be an important outcome measure. This required a preliminary analysis and categorisation of the population of interest along a socio-economic scale.…”

Section: Methods Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extending the PRISMA statement to equity-focused systematic reviews (PRISMA-E 2012): explanation and elaboration

Welch

Petticrew

Petkovic

et al. 2016

Journal of Development Effectiveness

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Equity impact of interventions and policies to reduce smoking in youth: systematic review

Abstract: Very few studies have assessed the equity impact of tobacco control interventions/policies on young people. Price/tax increases had the most consistent positive equity impact. There is a need to strengthen the evidence base for the equity impact of youth tobacco control interventions.

Cited by 91 publications

References 52 publications

Trends in smoking initiation in Canada: Does non-inclusion of young adults in tobacco control strategies represent a missed opportunity?

Trends in smoking initiation in Canada: Does non-inclusion of young adults in tobacco control strategies represent a missed opportunity?

Factors influencing reductions in smoking among Australian adolescents

Extending the PRISMA statement to equity-focused systematic reviews (PRISMA-E 2012): explanation and elaboration

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