Equipment for Incorporation of Herbicides

Bode, L. E.; Gebhardt, M. R.

doi:10.1017/s0043174500054795

Cited by 16 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The high concentrations of herbicides were alleviated by a second incorporation pass at an angle to the first. Bode and Gebhardt (1969) observed nonuniform verticle incorporation with a field cultivator. King (1965) noted that field cultivators require two passes for uniform incorporation.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 93%

Cultivator Speed and Sweep Spacing Effects on Herbicide Incorporation

Dowell¹,

Siemens²,

Bode³

1988

Transactions of the ASAE

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I N order to improve incorporation of herbicides, the effect of tool speed, sweep spacing, and sweep size on the incorporation of herbicides by a field cultivator was studied. Non-uniform dye placement occurred at narrow sweep spacings and at high tool speeds. Depth of dye placement tended to increase as tool speed increased and decrease as sweep spacing increased. The results indicated that present incorporation procedures can be improved to give more uniform vertical and horizontal herbicide incorporation. Of the variables tested, the most uniform profiles were created by 23 cm sweeps on 15 cm spacings and operated at 6.4 km/h. This is a slower tool speed and narrower sweep spacing than that recommended by previous researchers.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 93%

Cultivator Speed and Sweep Spacing Effects on Herbicide Incorporation

Dowell¹,

Siemens²,

Bode³

1988

Transactions of the ASAE

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“…To achieve uniform incorporation of the herbicide in the soil, the incorporation equipment must leave an adequate distribution pattern. Bode and Gebhardt (1969) evaluated various equipment for the incorporation of the herbicide trifluralin. Eight different incorporation implements were compared to determine the distribution of the herbicide in the top soil layer.…”

Section: Herbicide Placement and Incorporationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tillage and Herbicide Incorporation Effects on Runoff Losses

Mickelson

Baker

1995

Proceedings of the Integrated Crop Management Conference

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The 1995 Food Security Act required producers with highly erodible land to develop erosion control plans to be eligible for farm program benefits. Conservation tillage was a part of many of those plans; however, mechanical incorporation ofherbicides to reduce runoff losses can be a problem while trying to maintain crop residue. Soil, water, and herbicide losses (with water and sediment) were measured from continuous com runoff plots (1.7 x 12.0 m) in 1993 and 1994 under natural rainfall conditions. Four tillage/herbicide application treatments were studied: notill/herbicide broadcast sprayed (NT); fall chisel plow-spring disk/herbicide broadcast sprayed after disking (DS); fall chisel plow-spring disk/herbicide broadcast sprayed before disking (SD); and fall chisel plow-spring "mulch master" /herbicide applied with John Deere's Mulch Master (MM). Residue measurements after tillage and planting generally showed NT with the greatest percent residue cover, MM second, and SD together with DS the least. By storm event, NT generally had the least erosion and the lowest runoff volumes. For the herbicides studied, atrazine, metolachlor, and cyanazine, concentrations in sediment and runoff water were generally in the order NT>DS>MM>SD. Lack of incorporation and/or application to more crop residue with NT was believed responsible for the higher concentrations with that system. Total losses for all three herbicides each year were generally less than 2% of that applied. Because the herbicides used are not strongly adsorbed and have similar adsorption coefficients, over 95% of the runoff loss in each case was associated with runoff water. Depending primarily on runoff volumes, which in turn were dependent on the storm and the time of year, relative losses for notill were variable, sometimes being the greatest, sometimes the least; however, for the other three treatments, losses were usually in the order DS>MM>SD.

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“…Visual comparisons were made of the resulting dye distributions in the soil profiles. Bode and Gebhardt (1969) extracted trifluralin and analyzed samples with a gas chromatograph. Wauchope et al (1977) used copper sulfate as a tracer and analyzed soil cores with atomic absorption spectrophotometry.…”

Section: Literature Review Tracing Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Herbicide Incorporation Analysis Using Computer Vision

Dowell¹,

Siemens²,

Bode³

et al. 1988

Transactions of the ASAE

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A procedure using computer vision and fluorescent dye was developed to determine the incorporation characteristics of tillage tools. It was assumed that the fluorescent dye represented herbicide and would be displaced in a similar manner as herbicide applied to the soil. Image processing was used to store and analyze the incorporation profiles. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistical test was used to quantitatively compare incorporation profiles. The procedure was very quick and accurate.

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Equipment for Incorporation of Herbicides

Cited by 16 publications

References 3 publications

Cultivator Speed and Sweep Spacing Effects on Herbicide Incorporation

Cultivator Speed and Sweep Spacing Effects on Herbicide Incorporation

Tillage and Herbicide Incorporation Effects on Runoff Losses

Herbicide Incorporation Analysis Using Computer Vision

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