Equine PBMC Cytokines Profile after In Vitro α- and γ-EHV Infection: Efficacy of a Parapoxvirus Ovis Based-Immunomodulator Treatment

Abstract

Equine herpesviruses (EHV) infect horses early during life and the persistence of these viruses through establishment of latency represents a real risk. A better understanding of the immune response to EHV infection is necessary to improve our methods of prevention and decrease the risk of transmission. The objectives of this study were to characterise the cytokine gene expression profile of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) after in vitro EHV-1, EHV-4, and EHV-2 infection and to determine the efficacy of inactivated Parapoxvirus ovis (iPPVO) against these 3 viruses. PBMC were isolated from 3 horses and infected in vitro with EHV-1, EHV-4, or EHV-2 in the presence or absence of iPPVO. In vitro culture of PBMC with EHV-1, EHV-4, and iPPVO induced a significant increase of IFN-α, IFN-β, and IFN-γ gene expression. EHV-4 also triggered a significant increase of IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA. EHV-2 triggered a significant increase of IFN-α, IFN-β, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α mRNA. The presence of iPPVO induced an earlier and stronger expression of IFN-α, IFN-β, and IFN-γ mRNA during EHV infection and reduced the inflammatory response induced by EHV-2. In conclusion, this study suggests that the presence of iPPVO potentiates the development of the immune response to in vitro EHV infection.

Immunostimulation of Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) blood cells by parapoxvirus ovis and CpG motif-containing bacterial plasmid DNA upregulates innate immune gene expression

“…IL10 , which can act as a delayed immune-regulatory protein ( 16 , 17 , 19 , 52 ) was not significantly induced by either medicinal product and more importantly, IL10 expression did not appear to be sustained over the 24 hours investigated, contrary to published results from other species ( 14 ).…”

Identification of a New Equid Herpesvirus 1 DNA Polymerase (ORF30) Genotype with the Isolation of a C2254/H752 Strain in French Horses Showing no Major Impact on the Strain Behaviour

“…Peripheral blood mononucleated cells (PBMCs) were isolated from heparinised blood samples using the Hue et al method [ 39 ] and were co-cultured with a RK13 cell monolayer for up to 6 days. Nasal swabs were sampled in 4 mL, from which 500 µL were inoculated on E. Derm and RK13 cells and cultured for up to 7 days.…”

Role of Interferon (IFN)α in “Cocktails” for the Generation of (Leukemia-derived) Dendritic Cells (DCleu) From Blasts in Blood From Patients (pts) With Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) and the Induction of Antileukemic Reactions

“…We could already show, that the addition of Zylexis increased proportions of mature DC 47 . Therefore, we studied the role of Zylexis (a pox virusproduct, known in veterinarian medicine to improve immunological reactions, especially of the innate immune system [93][94][95] in case of DC-generation with "IFN-GIT" and additionally added Zylexis "IFN-GITZ". We found, that IFNα-containing "IFN-GIT" and "IFN-GITZ" DC-generating methods induced comparable amounts of DC-subtypes.…”