Equine parasite control ‐ Problems associated with intensive anthelmintic therapy

Herd, R.P.

doi:10.1111/j.2042-3292.1990.tb01378.x

Cited by 35 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…In temperate climates, adherence to adequate hygiene standards decreases the number of infective larvae in pastures, lowers the risk of infection and minimizes the use of anthelmintics (2,7,(12)(13)(14)31). Suitable farm management practices combined with the rational use of drugs preceded by parasitological examinations of faecal samples reduce the selection pressure for anthelmintic resistance.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The prophylactic use of anthelmintics without a parasitological diagnosis before treatment is garnering increasing controversy due to growing levels of drug resistance (5,14,32,36). The factors that contribute to anthelmintic resistance include high frequency of treatments, overuse of drugs belonging to the same chemical group, underdosing, absence of weight monitoring, and "prophylactic" mass treatments (12,13,20,26,27,31,32,35). Benzimidazole (BZ) resistance in cyathostomin populations is now highly prevalent and reported worldwide (2,8,16,22,23).…”

Section: Praca Oryginalnamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Parasite control practices in Polish horse farms

Raś-Noryńska

Sokół

2017

Medycyna Weterynaryjna

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SummaryVirtually all horses in Poland periodically receive deworming treatment. In view of the emerging anthelmintic resistance it is important to know the current parasite control practices used by Polish horse owners. In order to assess the situation and analyze it in terms of the risk of drug resistance, a questionnaire survey was forwarded to 300 horse establishments. The response rate was 49.6%. The average number of deworming treatments in adult horses was determined at 2.1. and 2.8 for youngstock per calendar year. The most commonly used drugs were ivermectin, pyrantel pamoate and moxidectin. Almost 73% of respondents indicated that they take into consideration the resistance of parasites. However, only 4.03% of the responders regularly send faecal samples from all horses for parasitological examination. In ca. 92% of cases the person administrating the drug guessed the weight of the horse by visual evaluation. Generally, little attention was paid to pasture hygiene and prevention of parasitic infection. The responses indicate a high level of awareness among horse owners of the need to control parasites. They also show the large involvement of veterinarians as a source of advice about deworming practices, so we concluded that the most appropriate way to achieve improvement would be implementation of further education programmes for veterinarians.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Praca Oryginalnamentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasite control practices in Polish horse farms

Raś-Noryńska

Sokół

2017

Medycyna Weterynaryjna

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“…Unfortunately, the replacement of haphazard parasite control with the interval treatment program also profoundly affected strongyle worm populations that now is causing important problems for parasite control [46]. When the interval dose system was first implemented, cyathostomes (Cyathostominea, 'small strongyles') were considered little more than a nuisance parasite compared to the highly pathogenic S. vulgaris [29].…”

Section: Background To the Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We now find ourselves in a situation where cyathostomes have developed high rates of resistance to all commonly used anthelmintics except the avermectin/milbemycins (AM) [12,20,88,90,106]. The decline of S. vulgaris and the rise of drug-resistant cyathostomes have changed our view of the relative importance of these nematodes; cyathostomes are now considered the principal parasitic pathogens of horses [46,65,95]. Despite these facts, a recent survey of Australian veterinarians found that a majority of veterinarians continue to rank S. vulgaris as the most important internal parasite of horses [76].…”

Section: Background To the Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The message here is clear: many horses are dewormed too frequently and the AM drugs are heavily relied upon for nematode control. Frequent use of anthelmintics in an attempt to keep FEC near zero is not a sustainable approach and may actually increase the risk of disease from cyathostomes by impairing the development of acquired immunity [46,72]. Many equine parasitologists agree that horses do not need to be dewormed until the herd mean FEC are 100-300 EPG [97].…”

Section: Management Issues and Future Implications Relating To Anthelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anthelmintic resistance in nematodes of horses

2002

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-Suppressive anthelmintic treatment strategies originally designed to control Strongylus vulgaris in horses were extremely successful in reducing morbidity and mortality from parasitic disease. Unfortunately, this strategy has inadvertently resulted in the selection of drug-resistant cyathostomes (Cyathostominea), which are now considered the principal parasitic pathogens of horses. Resistance in the cyathostomes to benzimidazole drugs is highly prevalent throughout the world, and resistance to pyrantel appears to be increasingly common. However, there are still no reports of ivermectin resistance in nematode parasites of horses despite 20 years of use. It is unknown why resistance to ivermectin has not yet emerged, but considering that ivermectin is the single most commonly used anthelmintic in horses most parasitologists agree that resistance is inevitable. The fecal egg count reduction test is considered the gold standard for clinical diagnosis of anthelmintic resistance in horses, but diagnosis is complicated by lack of an accepted standard for the performance of this test or for the analysis and interpretation of data. Presently there is very little data available on the molecular mechanisms of anthelmintic resistance in cyathostomes; β-tubulin gene is the only anthelmintic-resistance associated gene that has been cloned. The increasingly high prevalence of anthelmintic-resistant cyathostomes must be taken into account when designing worm control programs for horses. Strategies to decelerate further selection for drug resistance thereby extending the lifetime of currently effective anthelmintics should be implemented whenever possible. Considering the nature of the equine industry in which horses often graze shared pastures with horses from diverse locations, transmission and widespread dispersal of resistant parasites is virtually assured. A proactive approach to this problem centered on understanding the molecular basis of anthelmintic resistance in cyathostomes is required if we are to expect chemical control of nematodes in horses to remain a viable element of parasite control in the future.cyathostome / anthelmintic / resistance / nematode / horse Résumé -La résistance aux anthelmintiques chez les nématodes des chevaux. Les stratégies des traitements anthelmintiques mises en place à l'origine pour contrôler Strongylus vulgaris chez les chevaux ont été extrêmement efficaces pour réduire la morbidité et la mortalité dues aux maladies 491

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Prevalence of helminths in horses in the state of Brandenburg, Germany

et al. 2011

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The objective of the study was to estimate the prevalence of helminths in the horse population of the state of Brandenburg, Germany. One hundred and twenty-six horse farms in the state were selected by randomised stratified sampling. In total, 1,407 horses across all farms were examined coproscopically. The experimental unit was the horse farm: a farm was considered infected when at least one horse on the farm investigated was positive for helminth eggs. Animal details such as age, breed and sex were collected for all study horses and analysed for risk of infection. Risk was defined as horses having an above-average shedding of strongyle eggs. The following prevalence on horse farm level were established: Cyathostominae (98.4%), ascarids (16.7%), tapeworms (14.3%), pinworms (8.7%) and strongyloides (4,0%). The large strongyle Strongylus vulgaris was identified on only one farm. Liver flukes and lungworms were not found. Age, breed and sex were identified as risk factors for high shedding of strongyle eggs of individual animals: odds ratios for higher shedding intensities were 4.18 for yearlings and 2.42 for fillies compared to adult animals, and 3.69 for heavy breeds and 4.94 for wild horses compared to thoroughbreds. Mares and stallions did shed more strongyle eggs than geldings. Knowledge about the helminth prevalence will allow the issuance of specific treatment recommendations. Furthermore, the information on risk factors of individual horses will facilitate targeting single animals for selective treatments.

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Equine parasite control ‐ Problems associated with intensive anthelmintic therapy

Cited by 35 publications

References 43 publications

Parasite control practices in Polish horse farms

Parasite control practices in Polish horse farms

Anthelmintic resistance in nematodes of horses

Prevalence of helminths in horses in the state of Brandenburg, Germany

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