Equine lymphocytic‐plasmacytic enterocolitis: A retrospective study of 14 cases

Kemper, D.; Perkins, Gillian A.; Schumacher, John; Edwards, John F.; Valentine, Beth A.; Divers, Thomas J.; Cohen, Noah D.

doi:10.1111/j.2042-3306.2000.tb05346.x

Cited by 39 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(18 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Clinical signs include weight loss, recurrent colic, soft feces, depression, oedema, and a dull hair coat . Lymphocytic-plasmacytic enteritis is regarded as an uncommon equine intestinal disease that is difficult to recognize and diagnose ante mortem and has a poor prognosis (Kemper et al 2000). We noticed an increased prevalence of ISBD in equine elite athletes over the last decade in our veterinary teaching hospital with more than 70% of these horses used for dressage (Dansen et al 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gluten-dependent antibodies in horses with inflammatory small bowel disease (ISBD)

Kolk¹,

Putten²,

Mulder³

et al. 2012

Veterinary Quarterly

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Equine inflammatory small bowel disease (ISBD) is an idiopathic pathologic condition seeming to increase in prevalence. Objective: To investigate the potential role of gluten in equine ISBD. Animals & Methods: Antibodies known to be important in the diagnosis of human coeliac disease (CD): IgA antibodies to human recombinant and guinea pig tissue-transglutaminase (TGA), native gliadin (AGA), deamidated-gliadin-peptides (DGPA), and primate and equine endomysium (EMA) were assessed in blood samples from three different groups of horses: ISBD affected (n ¼ 12) on a gluten-rich diet and controls either on gluten-rich (n ¼ 22) or gluten-poor (n ¼ 25) diets. Significant differences ( p < 0.05) between groups were assessed using the Wilcoxon test. Results: Both ISBD-affected horses and gluten-rich controls had significantly ( p < 0.0004) higher hrTGA titers than gluten-poor controls. However, ISBD horses did not show significantly increased levels of any of the CD related antibodies when compared to gluten-rich controls. Nevertheless, markedly increased antibody levels (TGA, EMA and DGPA) were found in one of the ISBD horses. The introduction of a gluten-free ration in this 14-year-old warmblood stallion resulted after 6 months in the reduction of antibody levels and clinical recovery associated with improved duodenal histopathology. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study assessing gluten-related antibodies in horses and results suggest a potential pathogenic role of gluten in at least some cases of equine ISBD. Clinical importance and impact for human medicine: Given serology and concurrent clinical findings, this study warrants further investigations into the immunologic basis of possible gluten-sensitive enteropathy in horses and analogy with human disease.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gluten-dependent antibodies in horses with inflammatory small bowel disease (ISBD)

Kolk¹,

Putten²,

Mulder³

et al. 2012

Veterinary Quarterly

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…15 The OGAT appears to be an accurate antemortem diagnostic test to determine small intestinal absorptive capacity. 15,18,19 In 1 study, all horses were correctly classified as either having normal absorptive function or total malabsoprtion of the small intestine when results of the OGAT were compared with histopathologic findings. 15 Classification of partial intestinal malabsorption was not as reliable but correctly identified 72% of horses (18/25) with structural abnormalities of the small intestine.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…15 Oral absorption tests have also been used to successfully identify small intestinal malabsorption in 75% of horses (9/12) with lymphocytic-plasmacytic enterocolitis that was confirmed microscopically. 18 Based on these definitions, total small intestinal malabsorption was present in foals 1, 2, and 4 while foal 3 had partial malabsorption. 15 This is an expected finding as postmortem histopathologic findings of affected foals with proliferative enteropathy have identified diffuse involvement of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…15,19,21 In light of the findings presented here, it is important to note that the OGAT can be influenced by rate of gastric emptying, mucosal cell transport function, intestinal transit time, dietary history, patient age, length of fast before testing, and degree of excitement, pain, or stress experienced by the horse. 15,17,18 These factors might contribute to poor interhorse variability and poor intrahorse repeatability on serial OGAT. In reports comparing results of the OGAT with histopathologic lesions of the small intestine, the specificity of the OGAT was high (90-100%), but the sensitivity was low (40-45%).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Impaired Intestinal Absorption of Glucose in 4 Foals withLawsonia intracellularisInfection

Wong

Alcott

Sponseller

et al. 2009

Veterinary Internal Medicne

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

F our weanling foals (age range 4-8 months) were examined because of a history of diarrhea (4/4 foals), lethargy (3/4), decreased appetite (2/4), fever (2/4), weight loss (2/4), and prolonged recumbency (1/4). A presumptive diagnosis of proliferative enteropathy associated with Lawsonia intracellularis was based on clinical signs (4/4 diarrhea, 3/4 poor body condition, 3/4 dehydration, 2/4 generalized weakness, and 1/4 ventral edema), characteristic clinicopathologic abnormalities (4/4 hypoproteinemia [serum total protein o5. , and ultrasonographic appearance of thickened small intestine (3/4). Confirmation of Lawsonia sp. infection was provided by positive fecal PCR (4/4) and high serum titer (2/4; titer 1 : 240) for the causative organism. Foals were treated with antimicrobials (2/4 clarithromycin, 2/4 oxytetracycline, and 1/4 erythromycin), plasma transfusions (4/4), synthetic colloids a (4/4), isotonic fluid therapy b (4/4), parenteral nutrition (2/4), and general supportive care. All foals survived to discharge although 2/4 foals were later reported to be smaller than similar-aged foals. Based on distinctive pathologic findings of small intestinal thickening that occurs with proliferative enteropathy in foals, 1-3 we were interested in the serial evaluation of intestinal absorption of glucose as a surrogate for small intestinal absorptive capacity in these 4 foals using an oral glucose absorption test (OGAT).OGAT was performed in the same manner in all foals by withholding feed for a 10-hour period, followed by administration of 1 g dextrose/kg body weight via nasogastric tube as a 20% solution in water. Blood was collected before and every 30 minutes for 240 minutes after dextrose administration. Blood was placed into heparinzed glass tubes, plasma was separated by centrifugation, and plasma glucose concentrations were determined by an automated chemistry analyzer.c Informed client consent was obtained in all cases. In foal 1, an OGAT was performed on day 1 which revealed complete small intestinal malabsorption of glucose (Fig 1). The foal was hospitalized and on day 8, slight improvement of glucose absorption was observed on repeat OGAT. The foal was discharged at this time but returned for re-examination 15, 29, 36, and 58 days after initial presentation for repeat OGAT and evaluation of serum albumin and total protein concentrations ( Table 1). The OGAT on day 15 demonstrated improvement, yet still abnormal, small intestinal absorption of glucose compared with day 1. The OGAT on day 29 demonstrated a delayed peak glucose concentration suggesting delayed gastric emptying or increased intestinal transit time. Ultrasonographic examination of the abdominal cavity at this time revealed normal small intestinal wall thickness. The OGAT on days 36 and 58 demonstrated partial return of small intestinal absorption with peak plasma glucose concentrations 60-90 minutes after dextrose administration. The serum total protein and albumin concentrations progressively increased over the 58-day period but albumin concent...

show abstract

“…LPE is one of the most common types of bowel inflammation in dogs and cats ). However, there have been only a few reports of LPE in horses (Clark et al (1988), Kaikkonen et al (2014), Kemper et al (2000), MacAllister et al (1990), Scott et al (1999)). In this case report, the authors describe a very well documented case of lymphocytic-plasmacytic enteritis, supplemented by the description of the presentation of the disease, which, to date, has not been described in horses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%