Equine Infectious Anemia

Mealey, Robert H.

doi:10.1016/b978-1-4160-2406-4.50028-4

Cited by 7 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…125 Etiology and pathophysiology Equine infectious anemia virus infects and replicates primarily in tissue macrophages and integrates into the host genome. Most horses spontaneously recover from the initial viremic episode, but latent infection persists, and recrudescence of clinical signs is common.…”

Section: Prognosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most horses become inapparent carriers with time, and few horses progress to a debilitating form of the disease. 125,128,135 The incubation period is 1 to 3 weeks, but can be as long as three months. 125,132,133 Transmission of the disease requires a vector allowing blood transfer from an infected to a susceptible horse.…”

Section: Prognosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…125 Etiology and pathophysiology Equine infectious anemia virus infects and replicates primarily in tissue macrophages and integrates into the host genome. 125,131 Infection of a naive host leads to acute EIA and causes an immune response that finally leads to a remission of clinical sings and latent infection. Interrupted feeding of large hematophagous insects (Tabanidae; horseflies, deerflies, stable flies) is the principal mechanism of disease transmission.…”

Section: Prognosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…125,132,133 Transmission of the disease requires a vector allowing blood transfer from an infected to a susceptible horse. 125,129 Direct bone marrow suppression and sequestration of iron in the reticuloendothelial system further contributes to anemia. 129,134 Iatrogenic, transplacental, transmammary, and venereal transmission by asymptomatic carriers can occur as well.…”

Section: Prognosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…129,134 Iatrogenic, transplacental, transmammary, and venereal transmission by asymptomatic carriers can occur as well. 125,128 The severity of clinical signs decreases with each viremic episode and the host mounts an immune response against all common variants of EIAV, leading to the chronic subclinical carrier stage, 125 which can be a source of infection of other animals. 125,131 Infection of a naive host leads to acute EIA and causes an immune response that finally leads to a remission of clinical sings and latent infection.…”

Section: Prognosismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Abnormalities of the erythron

Schwarzwald¹

2014

Equine Sports Medicine and Surgery

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Section: Prognosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Prognosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Prognosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Prognosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Prognosismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Abnormalities of the erythron

Schwarzwald¹

2014

Equine Sports Medicine and Surgery

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Equine infectious anemia virus in naturally infected horses from the Brazilian Pantanal

et al. 2018

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Equine infectious anemia (EIA) has a worldwide distribution, and is widespread in Brazil. The Brazilian Pantanal presents with high prevalence comprising equine performance and indirectly the livestock industry, since the horses are used for cattle management. Although EIA is routinely diagnosed by the agar gel immunodiffusion test (AGID), this serological assay has some limitations, so PCR-based detection methods have the potential to overcome these limitations and act as complementary tests to those currently used. Considering the limited number of equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) sequences which are available in public databases and the great genome variability, studies of EIAV detection and characterization molecular remain important. In this study we detected EIAV proviral DNA from 23 peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMCs) samples of naturally infected horses from Brazilian Pantanal using a semi-nested-PCR (sn-PCR). The serological profile of the animals was also evaluated by AGID and ELISA for gp90 and p26. Furthermore, the EIAV PCR amplified DNA was sequenced and phylogenetically analyzed. Here we describe the first EIAV sequences of the 5' LTR of the tat gene in naturally infected horses from Brazil, which presented with 91% similarity to EIAV reference sequences. The Brazilian EIAV sequences also presented variable nucleotide similarities among themselves, ranging from 93,5% to 100%. Phylogenetic analysis showed that Brazilian EIAV sequences grouped in a separate clade relative to other reference sequences. Thus this molecular detection and characterization may provide information about EIAV circulation in Brazilian territories and improve phylogenetic inferences.

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Prevalence and risk factors for Equine Infectious Anemia in Poconé municipality, northern Brazilian Pantanal

Borges

Silva

Nogueira

et al. 2013

Research in Veterinary Science

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Serum samples collected from 547 equids in the Pantanal region of Brazil were evaluated for antibodies to Equine Infectious Anemia Virus (EIAV) by the agar gel immunodiffusion test. Risk factors associated with EIAV seropositivity were evaluated and spatial dependence investigated using a Spatial Lag Model. EIAV prevalence on farms in the Pantanal was 52.0% (13/25) with adjusted prevalence between equids of 31.5% (17.4-48.8% 95% CI). Intra-herd prevalence ranged from 5.0 to 77.0%. Statistical analysis demonstrated that farms and animals in regularly flooded areas had respectively 60 and 146 fold higher chance to be sero-positive than farms and animals located in non-flooded areas. Spatial Lag Model results were generally consistent with this conclusion although there was a negative spatial correlation between farms located within in regularly inundated regions, suggesting that other factors, such as management practices, probably play a significant role in transmission of EIAV. Equids with clinical signs were 3.74-fold more likely to be sero-positive than those without clinical signs. The results of this work reveal a high prevalence of EIAV in the Pantanal area of Brazil demonstrating that equids reared in this region are at great risk of infection.

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Equine Infectious Anemia

Cited by 7 publications

References 55 publications

Abnormalities of the erythron

Abnormalities of the erythron

Equine infectious anemia virus in naturally infected horses from the Brazilian Pantanal

Prevalence and risk factors for Equine Infectious Anemia in Poconé municipality, northern Brazilian Pantanal

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