Equine Herpesvirus-1 Myeloencephalopathy

Pusterla, Nicola; Hussey, Gisela Soboll; Goehring, Lutz S.

doi:10.1016/j.cveq.2022.05.006

Cited by 9 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…While molecular tests (e.g. PCR) are able to identify the EHVs in any fluid and tissue, IHC (together with in situ hybridisation) has the advantage to confirm clinical suspect of equine herpesviral encephalomyelopathy, when viral antigens are highlighted in endothelial cells (Pusterla et al, 2022).…”

Section: Infec Ti Ous Ag Entsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunohistochemistry in equine pathology: A brief overview

Rocchigiani

Ressel

2023

Equine Veterinary Education

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IHC uses primary antibodies to highlight any type of antigen expressed by normal host cells, viruses, bacteria and tumoural cells, and such versatility made IHC an invaluable tool for research focussing at the same time on protein expression and morphology. While IHC more deep technical aspects are beyond the scope of this manuscript and will therefore not be discussed (for additional data, see Ramos-Vara & Miller, 2014), we will briefly discuss the importance of IHC in equine diagnostic pathology, condensed in a few paragraphs.All the IHC markers mentioned in the present study refer to IHC performed on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue, as this represents the most diffuse IHC used in veterinary pathology.

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Section: Infec Ti Ous Ag Entsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunohistochemistry in equine pathology: A brief overview

Rocchigiani

Ressel

2023

Equine Veterinary Education

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“…EHM typically affects less than 10% of infected horses in EHV‐1 outbreaks 3,6 . However, EHM can cause devastating losses during outbreaks 7–11 and the international nature of equestrian sport can lead to rapid dissemination across national boundaries 10,11…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In suspected EHV‐1 outbreaks, rapid diagnosis is vital, and real‐time PCR has become the technique of choice 2,7,12 . Accurate diagnosis in outbreaks also relies on obtaining the best possible sample at the best possible time 13,14 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5 EHM typically affects less than 10% of infected horses in EHV-1 outbreaks. 3,6 However, EHM can cause devastating losses during outbreaks [7][8][9][10][11] and the international nature of equestrian sport can lead to rapid dissemination across national boundaries. 10,11 In suspected EHV-1 outbreaks, rapid diagnosis is vital, and realtime PCR has become the technique of choice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10,11 In suspected EHV-1 outbreaks, rapid diagnosis is vital, and realtime PCR has become the technique of choice. 2,7,12 Accurate diagnosis in outbreaks also relies on obtaining the best possible sample at the best possible time. 13,14 It is recommended that nasopharyngeal swabs should be taken as soon as possible after the onset of symptoms, as EHV-1 nasal shedding is short, and generally greater in the first few days post-infection (1-5 days), when the horses are showing fever.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detection of equine herpesvirus‐1 (EHV‐1) in urine samples during outbreaks of equine herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy

Velloso Alvarez,

Jose‐Cunilleras,

Dorrego‐Rodriguez

et al. 2023

Equine Veterinary Journal

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BackgroundReal‐time PCR is the diagnostic technique of choice for the diagnosis and control of equine herpesvirus‐1 (EHV‐1) in an outbreak setting. The presence of EHV‐1 in nasal swabs (NS), whole blood, brain and spinal cord samples has been extensively described; however, there are no reports on the excretion of EHV‐1 in urine, its DNA detection patterns, and the role of urine in viral spread during an outbreak.ObjectivesTo determine the presence of EHV‐1 DNA in urine during natural infection and to compare the DNA detection patterns of EHV‐1 in urine, buffy coat (BC) and NS.Study designDescriptive study of natural infection.MethodsUrine and whole blood/NS samples were collected at different time points during the hospitalisation of 21 horses involved in two EHV‐1 myeloencephalopathy outbreaks in 2021 and 2023 in Spain. Quantitative real‐time PCR was performed to compare the viral DNA load between BC‐urine samples in 2021 and NS‐urine samples in 2023. Sex, age, breed, presence of neurological signs, EHV‐1 vaccination status and treatment data were recorded for all horses.ResultsA total of 18 hospitalised horses during the 2021 and 2023 outbreaks were positive for EHV‐1, and viral DNA was detected in urine samples from a total of 11 horses in both outbreaks. Compared with BC samples, DNA presence was detected in urine samples for longer duration and with slightly higher concentration; however, compared with NS, detection of EHV‐1 in urine was similar in duration with lower DNA concentrations.Main limitationsLimited sample size, different sampling times and protocols (BC vs. NS) in two natural infection outbreak settings.ConclusionsEHV‐1 was detected in the urine from naturally infected horses. Urine should be considered as complimentary to blood and NS in diagnosis of EHV‐1 infection.

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